Si'um, also Siium, or Sium (, ''si-u-um'', ''
fl.
''Floruit'' ( ; usually abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for 'flourished') denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indic ...
'' late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 18th
Gutian ruler of the
Gutian Dynasty of
Sumer
Sumer () is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. ...
mentioned on the "''
Sumerian King List
The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient Composition (language), literary composition written in Sumerian language, Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims ...
''" (''SKL''). According to the ''SKL'', Si'um was the successor of
Yarlaganda
Yarlaganda (''fl.'' late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 17th Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the "''Sumerian King List''" (''SKL'').The Sumerian King List, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford Universit ...
, and the last king of the Gutians before
Tirigan
Tirigan (''fl.'' late 3rd millennium BCE, , ''ti-ri₂-ga-a-an'') was the 19th and last Gutian ruler in Sumer mentioned on the "''Sumerian King List''" (''SKL''). According to the ''SKL'': Tirigan was the successor of Si'um. Tirigan ruled for 40 ...
.
["However, the last three Royal names of the Guti dynasty are again not Semitic. The last two among them are Sium and Tirikkan (Jacobsen, 1939)." in ]
A tablet is known, dated to c. 2130 BCE, mentioning the allegiance of
Lugalanatum
Lugalannatum (, ''lu-gal-an-na-tum''; ) was a ruler (" patesi") of the city of Umma.
Lugalannatum is known from a deposit tablet, now in the Louvre Museum, in which he mentions the rule of Si'um, king of the Gutians. The tablet was first publis ...
prince of
Umma
Umma () in modern Dhi Qar Province in Iraq, was an ancient city in Sumer. There is some scholarly debate about the Sumerian and Akkadian names for this site. Traditionally, Umma was identified with Tell Jokha. More recently it has been sugges ...
to Sium, King of the Gutians.
["From a text recently found at Jokha we also know that ]Lugal
( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lú'' " 𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' " 𒃲" is "great", or "big."
It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could ...
-annatum, patesi of Umma, Lugalanatum patesi of Umma, owed allegiance to Sium, King of Guti"
File:Si-u-um (name).jpg, Name "Si-u-um" on the tablet, and corresponding standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform
Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform script ...
File:Gutium_(name).jpg, Mention of the Gutian dynasty of Sumer
The Gutian dynasty (Sumerian language, Sumerian: , gu-ti-umKI) was a line of kings, originating among the Gutian people. Originally thought to be a horde that swept in and brought down Akkadian and Sumerian rule in Mesopotamia, the Gutians are now ...
in the tablet (last column: , gu-ti-umKI)
See also
*
History of Sumer
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period, Ubaid and Uruk period, Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with ...
*
List of Mesopotamian dynasties
The history of Mesopotamia extends from the Lower Paleolithic period until the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, after which the region came to be known as History of Iraq, Iraq. This list covers dynasties and monarchs of ...
References
22nd-century BC Sumerian kings
Gutian dynasty of Sumer
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