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Shō Sen'i (–1477) was the second ruler of the
Second Shō dynasty The was the last dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom from 1469 to 1879, ruled by the under the title of King of Chūzan. This family took the family name from the earlier rulers of the kingdom, the first Shō family, even though the new royal famil ...
of the kingdom of
Ryukyu The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...
, based on the western Pacific island of
Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...
. He briefly ruled for six months in 1477, succeeding his elder brother
Shō En , previously known as , was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom and the founder of the Second Shō dynasty. Early life and rise to power Kanamaru was born into a family of peasant farmers on Izena Island,"Shō En." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' ( ...
. The official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom state that Sen'i and his brother were the sons of
Shō Shoku was the father of King Shō En, the founder of the Second Shō dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom. Shō Shoku was born into a family of peasant farmers on Izena Island, a small island which lies off the northwestern coast of Okinawa Island. He marri ...
and were born on the small island of Izena, and that Sen'i left his parents at age five to live under the care of his brother. En made Sen'i the lord of Goeku, likely as a signal that he was his expected heir to the throne. The official histories note that Sen'i's coronation ceremonies were not performed in accordance to the proper ritual, casting spiritual doubt on his reign. He allegedly resigned in 1466 and went to live at Goeku, dying less than a month later. Modern historians have attributed his short reign instead to a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
by Ogiyaka, the mother of his nephew
Shō Shin was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom, the third ruler of the second Shō dynasty. Shō Shin's long reign has been described as "the Great Days of Chūzan", a period of great peace and relative prosperity. He was the son of Shō En, the founder of ...
, who seized the throne for her son and killed Sen'i.


Biography

Shō Sen'i was the younger brother of the Okinawan lord Kanemaru. The 1650 chronicle states that Sen'i left his parents at age five and was raised by Kanemaru. In 1469, following the death of King Shō Toku, Kanemaru was appointed to the throne of
Chūzan was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century. Okinawa, previously controlled by a number of local chieftains or lords, loosely bound by a paramount chieftain or king of the entire island, split into these three more ...
by a group of officials and took the name
Shō En , previously known as , was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom and the founder of the Second Shō dynasty. Early life and rise to power Kanamaru was born into a family of peasant farmers on Izena Island,"Shō En." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' ( ...
, founding the
Second Shō dynasty The was the last dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom from 1469 to 1879, ruled by the under the title of King of Chūzan. This family took the family name from the earlier rulers of the kingdom, the first Shō family, even though the new royal famil ...
of the Ryukyu Kingdom. Shō En's birthplace was officially the small island of Izena, north of
Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...
. He reportedly fled to Okinawa after a dispute with his neighbors over water rights, and became a local lord. The official histories of the
Ryukyu Kingdom The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 to 1879. It was ruled as a Tributary system of China, tributary state of Ming dynasty, imperial Ming China by the King of Ryukyu, Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island t ...
name En and Sen'i's father as
Shō Shoku was the father of King Shō En, the founder of the Second Shō dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom. Shō Shoku was born into a family of peasant farmers on Izena Island, a small island which lies off the northwestern coast of Okinawa Island. He marri ...
, but nothing is concretely known about him. Using evidence from the 16th century ''
Omoro Sōshi The is a compilation of ancient poems and songs from Okinawa and the Amami Islands, collected into 22 volumes and written primarily in hiragana with some simple kanji. There are 1,553 poems in the collection, but many are repeated; the number o ...
'' , a compilation of Ryukyuan songs, the historian
Gregory Smits Gregory James Smits (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japanologist. He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University.Pennsylvania State University "Gregory James Smits"; retrieved 2013-3-22. Early l ...
has argued that the Second Shō dynasty's original base was instead the village of Uchima in
Nishihara, Okinawa is a List of towns in Japan, town located in Nakagami District, Okinawa, Nakagami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. In the Okinawan language, ''nishi'' means "north" (in standard Japanese, however, it means "west"), as Nishihara was north of ...
, with origins in
Nakijin is a List of villages in Japan, village located in Kunigami District, Okinawa, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. , the village has an estimated population of 9,529 and a population density of 239.00 persons per km2. The total area i ...
, and likely deeper family roots in the northern islands of the
Ryukyus The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands ( Ōsumi, Tokara and Amami) and Okinawa Prefecture ( Daitō, Miyako, Y ...
and Japan. At the age of 41, during En's reign, Sen'i was appointed the lord of Goeku, probably the king
Shō Taikyū Shō Taikyū (1410–1460) was a king of the first Shō dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom of the western Pacific island of Okinawa, reigning from 1454 to 1460. Although described in the official histories of Ryukyu and the Ming annals as a relative ...
's original power base. Due to its close associations with Taikyū, this was likely a show of political favor towards Sen'i and a sign that he was the expected heir to the throne. The 18th century instead states that En's son
Shō Shin was a king of the Ryukyu Kingdom, the third ruler of the second Shō dynasty. Shō Shin's long reign has been described as "the Great Days of Chūzan", a period of great peace and relative prosperity. He was the son of Shō En, the founder of ...
was his designated successor, but that the kingdom's officials had chosen Sen'i in his place after his death due to Shin's young age.


Reign and succession

The official histories state that Sen'i's coronation failed to adhere to the proper rituals, cursing his reign. The high priestesses were said to have faced towards the west instead of the east during his enthronement ceremony, causing all in attendance (including Sen'i) to feel their spirits chill and mouth dry. After reigning for six months, he stated that he had incurred the "wrath of heaven" due to improper rulership, and resigned in favor of his nephew Shō Shin, after which he returned to Goeku. Less than a month later, Sen'i died. Historians such as Smits and have attributed the myth to a coup launched against Sen'i in the name of Shō Shin (who was thirteen during the events) by his mother Ogiyaka, who seized the throne for her son and killed Sen'i. For the following twenty years, extremely limited information is recorded from Chūzan beyond the regular trade and tribute correspondence. This may be due to interdynastic warfare and violence among the ruling dynasty in the wake of the coup. Sen'i was posthumously granted the
divine name There are various names of God, many of which enumerate the various qualities of a Supreme Being. The English word ''god'' (and its equivalent in other languages) is used by multiple religions as a noun to refer to different deities, or speci ...
Nishi-nu-Yununushi (). His reign is detailed in a chapter of the ''Chūzan Seikan''. Such a chapter does not exist for his successor Shō Shin, likely due to the large amount of military and political conflict under his rule. Sen'i was the only Ryukyuan leader since the time of the 14th-century king
Satto Satto (察度) (1321 – November 17, 1395) was King of Chūzan. He is the first ruler of Okinawa Island who was recorded by contemporary sources. His reign was marked by expansion and development of Chūzan's trade relations with other states ...
whose name was not recorded in the Ming dynasty annals. Shō Shin took Sen'i's daughter Kyojin as his first wife. With her, they had a son named
Shō Ikō Sho, Shō or SHO may refer to: Music * ''Shō'' (instrument) (笙), a Japanese wind instrument * ''Kane'' (instrument) (鉦), a Japanese percussion instrument * Sho?, a Dubai rock band People * Shō (given name), including ''Sho'' * Shō (su ...
(1494–1540). An inscription at
Tamaudun is one of the three royal mausoleums of the Ryukyu Kingdom, along with Urasoe yōdore at Urasoe Castle and Izena Tamaudun near Izena Castle in Izena, Okinawa. The mausoleum is located in Shuri, Okinawa, Shuri, Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa, and wa ...
, Shin's royal
mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type o ...
, specifies eight people whose descendants shall be interred at the site, including Shin's third through seventh sons. This served to sideline Shin's first two sons, the descendants of Sen'i.
Shō Nei was king of the Ryukyu Kingdom from 1589 to 1620. He reigned during the 1609 invasion of Ryukyu and was the first king of Ryukyu to be a vassal to the Shimazu clan of Satsuma, a Japanese feudal domain. Shō Nei was the great-grandson of Sh� ...
, a direct descendant of Ikō and Sen'i, ascended to the throne in 1589, sparking continued factional conflict and a major rebellion against his reign in 1592; it is unknown how his descent from Sen'i influenced his royal legitimacy.


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sho, Sen'i Second Shō dynasty Kings of Ryūkyū Monarchs who abdicated 1477 deaths