Shilahara Dynasty
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Shilahara was a royal
dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchy, monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. H ...
that established itself in northern and southern
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
in 8th century CE, present-day
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
and Southern Maharashtra (
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
) during the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
period. The founder of the Shilahara dynasty, Sanaphulla, was a vassal of the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
ruler,
Krishna I Krishna I () (r. 756 – 774 CE), an uncle of Dantidurga, took charge of the growing Rashtrakuta Empire by defeating the last Badami Chalukya emperor Kirtivarman II in 757. This is known from the copper plate grant of Emperor Govinda III of ...
. The Shilaharas continued to be vassals under the Rashtrakutas until 997, when Aparajit assumed independent rule. The Shilahara dynasty had three branches: the northern
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
branch, the southern
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
branch (765–1029) and a third branch in
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
, Satara and
Belagavi Belgaum (Kannada ISO 15919, ISO: ''Bēḷagāma'', ), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located near its northern western border in the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters ...
(940–1215) who were defeated by the
Yadavas The Yadava (), not to be confused with Yadav, were an ancient Indian people who believed to have descended from Yadu, a legendary king of Chandravamsha lineage. The community was formed of various clans, being the Satvatas, Andhakas, Bho ...
.


North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

Find spot Provenance () is the chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object. The term was originally mostly used in relation to works of art, but is now used in similar senses in a wide range of fields, including archaeology, p ...
s of inscriptions issued during the reign of the Shilaharas of North Konkan" width="400" height="400" zoom="7" longitude="72.99" latitude="18.4"> After
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
power became weak, the last known ruler of this family, Rattaraja, declared his independence. But
Chalukya The Chalukya dynasty () was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynas ...
Jayasimha, the younger brother of Vikramaditya, overthrew him and appropriated his possessions. The second northern Shilahara king,
Pullashakti Pullashakti was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 825 CE – 850 CE. Kapardin I was succeeded by his son Pullashakti who has left a much-abraded inscription in Kanheri cave No. 73. In the Kanheri cave inscription Pullashakti is call ...
, acknowledged the overlordship of the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
ruler
Amoghavarsha Amoghavarsha I (also known as Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga I) (r. 814 – 878 CE) is considered by many historians to be the greatest emperor of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. His reign of 64 years is one of the longest precisely dated monarchical reign ...
() and was the governor of Mangalpuri under him. The northern Shilaharas continued to be vassals under the Rashtrakutas until the ninth king Aparajit assumed independent rule in 997.


Rulers

#
Kapardin I Kapardin I was Shilahara ruler of North Konkan branch from c. 800 CE – 825 CE. He was the first known Shilahara king of North Konkan, was placed in charge of the country by the Rashtrakuta king Govinda III. Since then North Konkan came to b ...
(800–825 CE) #
Pullashakti Pullashakti was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 825 CE – 850 CE. Kapardin I was succeeded by his son Pullashakti who has left a much-abraded inscription in Kanheri cave No. 73. In the Kanheri cave inscription Pullashakti is call ...
(825–850 CE) # Kapardin II (850–880 CE) #
Vappuvanna Vappuvanna was a Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch, or modern-day western India, from 880 CE – 910 CE. Kapardin II was followed by his son Vappuvanna, about whom his successors' records give only conventional praise.(Dept. Gazetteer: 200 ...
(880–910 CE) #
Jhanjha Jhanjha was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 910 CE – 930 CE. Vappuvanna was followed by Jhanjha . He is mentioned by Al-Masudi as ruling over Samur (i.e., Chaul in the Kolaba district) in 916 CE. He was a very devout Shaiva. He ...
(910–930 CE) #
Goggiraja Goggiraja was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 930 CE – 945 CE. Jhanjha was succeeded by his younger brother Goggiraja, but about him and his successor Vajjada I, Vajjada was followed by his brother Chhadvaideva, who is omitted in ...
(930–945 CE) # Vajjada I (945–965 CE) # Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE) #
Aparajita Aparajita was an able Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 975 CE – 1010 CE. Chhadvaideva was followed by his nephew Aparajita, the son of Vajjada. Aparajita was an ambitious king. He sought to extend his sphere of influence by ...
(975–1010 CE) #
Vajjada II Vajjada II was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 1010 CE – 1015 CE. Aparajita was succeeded by his son Vajjada II, about whom only conventional praise is given in the records of his successors. An inscription from Hangal, however ...
(1010–1015 CE) #
Arikesarin Arikesarin was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 1015 CE – 1022 CE. Vajjada was succeeded by his younger brother Arikesarin alias Keshideva I. While yet a prince, he had taken part in the Paramara king Sindhuraja's campaign in So ...
(1015–1022 CE) #
Chhittaraja Chhittaraja was a Shilahara ruler of the north Konkan branch of Silahara dynasty and he ruled from 1022 CE to 1035 CE. Chhittaraja succeeded his uncle Arikesarin some time before 1026 CE, when he issued his Bhandup plates. Chhittaraja was a pa ...
(1022–1035 CE) # Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE) # Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE) # Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE) # Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE) # Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE) # Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE) # Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE) # Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE) # Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE) # Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE) # Someshvara (1255–1265 CE)


South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

Find spot Provenance () is the chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object. The term was originally mostly used in relation to works of art, but is now used in similar senses in a wide range of fields, including archaeology, p ...
s of inscriptions issued during the reign of the Shilaharas of South Konkan" width="400" height="400" zoom="7" longitude="74.03" latitude="16.48"> This house's history is known through one record, the Kharepatan plates of Rattaraja issued in 1008. Rattaraja was the last ruler of this dynasty. The document is extremely important as it not only gives the genealogy of the ten ancestors of Rattaraja but also mentions their exploits. The founder, Sanaphulla, was vassal of the Rastrakuta emperor Krisna I who had established his power over
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
by 765 and probably handed it to Sanaphulla. The Kharepatan plates declare that Sanaphulla obtained lordship over the territory between Sahya mountain and the sea through the favour of Krisnaraja. Sana-phulla's son Dhammayira is known to have built a fort at Vallipattana on the Western Coast. Aiyaparaja secured victory at Chandrapuri (
Chandor Chandor is a village in Salcete sub-district of South Goa, in the Indian state of Goa. It lies on the southern bank of the Zuari River and western bank of the Kushavati River. History The ancient city of Chandrapura, where Chandor now stands, ...
) in Goa. The reign of Avasara I proved to be uneventful. His son Adityavarman, who is described as brilliant as the Sun in valour, offered help to the kings of Chandrapuri and Chemulya (modern Chaul), 30 miles to the south of Bombay, so the influence of the Shilaharas had spread over the whole of
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
. At this time Laghu Kapardi, the ruler of the
Thane Thane (; previously known as Thana, List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1996) is a metropolitan city located on the northwestern side of the list of Indian states, state of Maharashtra in India and on ...
branch, was just a boy and the help given to the ruler of Chaul must have been at his expense. Avasara II continued the policy of his father. Indraraja's son Bhima is styled as 'Rahuvadgrasta Chandramandala' because he overthrew the petty ruler of Chandor. At this time the Kadamba ruler Sasthadeva and his son Chaturbhuja were trying to overthrow the Rastrakuta rule. This explains Bhima's opposition to Chandrapuri or Chandor. Avasara III, no doubt, ruled in troubled times, but had no contribution of his to make. Finally, Rattaraja, loyal to the Rastrakutas, was compelled to transfer his allegiance to Taila II. Soon after the issue of the plates in 1008, the rule of
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
passed over to the later Chalukyas. (Dept. Gazetteer: Kolaba, 1964, Dept. Gazetteer: 2002)


Rulers

# Sanaphulla (765–795 CE) # Dhammayira (795–820 CE) # Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE) # Avasara I (845–870 CE) # Adityavarma (870–895 CE) # Avasara II (895–920 CE) # Indraraja (920–945 CE) # Bhima (945–970 CE) # Avasara III (970–995 CE) # Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)


Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

Find spot Provenance () is the chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object. The term was originally mostly used in relation to works of art, but is now used in similar senses in a wide range of fields, including archaeology, p ...
s of inscriptions issued during the reign of the Shilaharas of Kolhapur" width="400" height="400" zoom="7" longitude="74.28" latitude="16.66"> The Shilahara family at
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
was the latest of the three and was founded about the time of the downfall of the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
Empire. They ruled over southern
Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...
and Northern
Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...
, the modern districts of Satara, Kolhapur and Belagavi. Their family deity was the goddess Mahalakshmi, whose blessing they claimed to have secured in their copperplate grants (Mahalakshmi-labdha-vara-prasada). Like their relatives of the northern branch of
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
, the Shilaharas of
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
claimed to be of the lineage of the Vidyadhara Jimutavahana. They carried the banner of golden Garuda. One of the many titles used by the Shilaharas was ''Tagarapuravaradhisvara'', or supreme sovereign ruler of Tagara. The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and 'Vikramankadevacharita' of Bilhana. Hence sometimes they are referred as 'Shilaharas of Karad'. Later on although the capital was shifted to
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
, some of their grants mention Valavada, and the hill fort of Pranalaka or Padmanala (
Panhala Panhala (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, ənʱaːɭa is a city and a Hill station Municipal Council (3177 feet above sea level) 18 km northwest of Kolhapur, in Kolhapur district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of M ...
) as the places of royal residence. Even though the capital was shifted to
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
, Karhad retained its significance during the Shilahara period. This branch rose to power during the latter part of the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
rule and so, unlike the kings of the other two branches, those of this branch do not mention the genealogy of the
Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal Indian polity ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapu ...
s even in their early grants. Later on they acknowledged the suzerainty of the later Chalukya for some time. This branch continued to hold the Southern
Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...
from circa 940 to 1220. It seems that Bhoja II, the last ruler of this family, was overthrown and dispossessed by Singhana in or soon after 1219-20 (Saka 1131) as is borne out by one of Singhana's inscriptions dated Saka 1160.


Rulers

# Jatiga I (940–960 CE) # Naivarman (960–980 CE) # Chandra (980–1000 CE) #
Jatiga II Jatiga II (1000 CE - 1020 CE) was the first ruling king of the Shilahara dynasty. His reign can be placed between 1000 and 1020 CE as his grandson King Marasimha is known to be ruling in 1058 CE The records of King Marasimha mention him as Tagr ...
(1000–1020 CE) #
Gonka Gonka was the 5th ruler of Kolhapur branch of the Silahara dynasty. During the reign of Gonka (1020 CE - 1050 CE), the Chalukyas conquered Kolhapur, under their king Jayasinha (before 1024 CE). The Shilaharas had to submit to the Chalukyas in ...
(1020–1050 CE) # Guhala I (1050 CE) # Kirtiraja (1050 CE) # Chandraditya (1050 CE) #
Marsimha Marasimha (1050 CE - 1075 CE) succeeded Gonka. He was not very ambitious. In a copper plate grant describes the fort of Kilagila as his capital. Guvala II succeeded his father in 1057 CE. However, till 1110 CE the history of the Shilahara fami ...
(1050–1075 CE) # Guhala II (1075–1085 CE) #
Bhoja I Mihira Bhoja () or Bhoja I was the Pratiharan Emperor from 836 to 885 CE. He inherited a weakened realm in an adverse situation from his father, Ramabhadra. However, his capable reign transformed it into a large and prosperous empire. Bhoja ...
(1085–1100 CE) # Ballala (1100–1108 CE) # Gonka II (1108 CE) #
Gandaraditya I Gandaraditya (1108 CE – 1138 CE): Bhoja I was succeeded by Gandaraditya. who claimed to be the undisputed king of Konkan. During the later period of his regime, his son Vijayaditya defeated Jayakesin II of Goa who had ousted the Shilahara rul ...
(1108–1138 CE) # Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE) # Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE), last ruler of dynasty


Monuments

A number of ancient monuments in
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
and
Kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
district pay tribute to this dynasty's prowess: * The
Walkeshwar Temple Walkeshwar Temple, also known as the (Baan Ganga Temple), is an Ancient Hindu temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva located in Walkeshwar, near Malabar Hill neighbourhood, in South Mumbai precinct of the city of Mumbai, India. It is situated at ...
and the
Banganga Tank The Banganga Tank is a temple tank which is part of the Hindu Walkeshwar Temple complex in the Malabar Hill area of the city of Mumbai, India. History The tank was built in AD 1127 by Lakshman Prabhu, a minister in the court of Silhara kin ...
were built during the reign of Chittaraja, a king of this dynasty. * The
Shiv Mandir, Ambarnath The Shiv Mandir of Ambarnath is a historic 11th-century Hindu temple, at Ambarnath near Mumbai, in Maharashtra, India. It is also known as the Ambreshwar Shiva Temple, and known locally as Puratana Shivalaya. It is situated on the bank o ...
, also near Mumbai, was also built by Chittaraja in 1030 * Kopineshwar Mandir, a Shiva temple in
Thane Thane (; previously known as Thana, List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1996) is a metropolitan city located on the northwestern side of the list of Indian states, state of Maharashtra in India and on ...
. * Roopanarayan Jain temple of 4 different tirthankar consisting 2
Old Kannada Old Kannada or Halegannada () is the Kannada language which transformed from ''Purvada halegannada'' or ''Pre-old Kannada'' during the reign of the Kadambas of Banavasi (ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka 345–525 CE). The Modern Kannada la ...
stone inscriptions of king Bhoja and King Gandaraditya. (10 C.AD) -Mahadwar road,
kolhapur Kolhapur () is a city on the banks of the Panchganga River in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur is one of the most significant cities in South Maharashtra and has been a hub of historical, religious, and cultural a ...
. * Parshwanath Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Ibrahimpur and Bhogoli in
Chandgad Chandgad is a small city and tehsil headquarters of Chandgad taluka, of Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Citizens of Chandgad are reliant on the larger cities Belgaum and Gadhinglaj for their major needs. Demographics T ...
taluka. * Parshwanath Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Ainapur in
Gadhinglaj Gadhinglaj ( əɖᵊɦiŋɡləd͡z is a city in India in the Kolhapur district in the southwest corner of the state of Maharashtra, India. It is located on the banks of the river Hiranyakeshi. It is the Taluka (Tehsil) headquarters of G ...
taluka. * Parshwanath Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Baamni and Sangaon in
Kagal Kagal is a town in Kolhapur district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. History During the rule of the Marathas and the British Raj, the town served as the seat of the noble Ghatge Maratha family, one of the most prominent families in the ...
taluka. * Idol of Parshwanath Jain tirthankar found in excavation of
Hupari Hupari is a Municipal council in Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Hupari comes under Hatkanangle taluka. Hupari is famous for the production of silver ornaments. Most of the families in this city have ancestral skill for de ...
in
Hatkanangale Hatkanangale is a town and tehsil headquarters in Ichalkaranji subdivision of Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Hatkanangale has a close proximity with Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Bhadole, and Sangli. It has a railway stati ...
taluka has Kannada inscriptions Kolhapur Shilaharas. * 11th century A.D. 1st tirthankar Rishabhnath Jain temple at Pattankodoli in
Hatkanangale Hatkanangale is a town and tehsil headquarters in Ichalkaranji subdivision of Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Hatkanangale has a close proximity with Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Bhadole, and Sangli. It has a railway stati ...
taluka of Kolhapur Shilaharas has Kannada inscription stating the reign of king Gandaraditya. *
Chandraprabhu Chandraprabha () or Chandranatha is the eighth Tirthankara of of Jainism in the present age (). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to the Ikshvaku dynasty. According to Jain ...
8th Jain tirthankar temple at Herle near Kolhapur with Kannada inscriptions of Shilaharas. * 22nd Jain tirthnakar
Neminath Neminātha (Devanagari: नेमिनाथ) (Sanskrit: नेमिनाथः), also known as Nemi and Ariṣṭanemi (Devanagari: अरिष्टनेमि), is the twenty-second tirthankara of Jainism in the present age (). Nemina ...
temple at Khidrapur of king Gandaraditya era of Kolhapur shilaharas.


See also

*
Konkan The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan plateau to the eas ...
*
History of India Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentism, Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; ...
*
History of Maharashtra Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India. It is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. The region that comprises the state has a long history dating back to approximately 1300–700 BCE, although the pre ...
*
History of Karnataka The History of Karnataka goes back several millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka as well as the entire Indian subcontinent. Th ...


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * * . Written for ''The Bombay Gazetteer''. * * * * * *


External links


Silver Coin of Shilaharas of Southern Maharashtra (Coinex 2006 - Souvenir)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shilhara History of Mumbai Dynasties of India Hindu dynasties Shilahara dynasty