Shara'b As Salam District
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Sharʿab as-Salam District () is a
district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
of the
Taiz Governorate Taiz () is a governorates of Yemen, governorate of Yemen. The governorate's capital Taiz, the third-largest city in Yemen, is among the most important commercial centres in the country, owing to its proximity to farmland, the Red Sea port of Mok ...
,
Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...
. In 2003, the district had a population of 146,650.


Etymology

Sharʿab as-Salam is part of the Sharʿab
Mikhlaf ''Mikhlaf'' (, plural ''Makhaleef''; ) was an administrative division in ancient Yemen and is a geographical term used in Yemen. According to Ya'qubi there were eighty-four ''makhaleef'' in Yemen. The leader of a ''mikhlaf'' is called a ''Qil'' ...
that includes both Shar'ab As Salam and Sharʿab Ar Rawnah. The Mikhlaf was founded by the tribe of Banu Shar‘ab which is a tribe from
Himyar Himyar was a polity in the southern highlands of Yemen, as well as the name of the region which it claimed. Until 110 BCE, it was integrated into the Qatabanian kingdom, afterwards being recognized as an independent kingdom. According to class ...
. According to al-Hamdani and
Nashwan al-Himyari Nashwān ibn Saʻīd al-Ḥimyarī () was a Yemeni theologian, judge, philologist, poet and historian. Life He was a member of a nobel Yemeni family from Uawt near Sanaa. He is said to have some Mu'tazili views. He wrote a Qur'an commentary and ...
, it is descended from Shar'ab ibn Sahl ibn Zaid ibn ʿAmr ibn Qais ibn Jusham ibn Abd Shams ibn Wail ibn al-Ghwth ibn Katan ibn ʿUrib ibn Zuhir ibn Aiman ibn al-Hamaysaʿ ibn Ḥimyar. According to
ibn al-Kalbi Hishām ibn al-Kalbī (), 737 – 819 CE / 204 AH, also known as Ibn al-Kalbi (), was an Arab historian. His full name was Abu al-Mundhir Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib ibn Bishr al-Kalbi. Born in Kufa, he spent much of his life in Baghdad. L ...
and
ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 Hijri year, AH) was an Arabs, Arab Islamic scholar, historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and cons ...
, it is Shar'ab ibn Qais ibn Jusham ibn Abd Shams ibn Wail ibn al-Ghwth ibn Katan ibn ʿUrib ibn Zuhir ibn Aiman ibn al-Hamaysaʿ ibn Ḥimyar. According to
ibn Sidah Abū’l-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl (), known as Ibn Sīdah (), or Ibn Sīdah'l-Mursī (), (c.1007-1066), was a linguist, philologist and lexicographer of Classical Arabic from Andalusia. He compiled the encyclopedia ' () (Book of Customs) an ...
the word ''sharoob'' () means "dates" in
classical Arabic Classical Arabic or Quranic Arabic () is the standardized literary form of Arabic used from the 7th century and throughout the Middle Ages, most notably in Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid literary texts such as poetry, e ...
and ''Shar'ab'' means a tall person with a well shaped body. The Sharabi spears () and ''al-Shar'abiah''
cloak A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always as outerwear for outdoor wear, which serves the same purpose as an overcoat and protects the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform. People in many d ...
s () are attributed to the tribe of Sharʿab.


History

Sharʿab was one of the most controversial regions in Yemen. The people of Sharʿab were known for being rebellious and troublemakers. Thus, the government treated them poorly and didn't provide them water facilities. It was reported that the Imam of Yemen, Ahmad Hamidaddin once said: "If Sharʿab was in the borders I would have sold it". The Himyarite prince of the Manakhis was killed in Wadi Nakhlah in Sharʿab region. After the 26 September Revolution (1962-1970), the new rulers of Yemen decided to divide Sharʿab into two districts so it could be easily controlled. Sharʿab was divided into "East Sharʿab" with As-Salam region as its center, "West Sharʿab" with Ar-Ronah region as its center. The government didn't make any strategic or vital roads in Sharʿab. The government also created a pro-government small division in Sharʿab called al-Mikhlaf () that served as a barrier between Sharʿab and the city of Taiz. The government gave people al-Mikhlaf many jobs and weapons. The division of Sharʿab created
political polarization Political polarization (spelled ''polarisation'' in British English, Australian English, and New Zealand English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes. Scholars distinguish between ideologi ...
between Sharʿab as-Salam (East Sharʿab) and Sharʿab Ar Rawnah (West Sharʿab). Sharʿab as-Salam became
leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social hierarchies. Left-wing politi ...
communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...
while Sharʿab Ar Rawnah supported the al-Islah party in Yemen which is a Yemeni
Salafi The Salafi movement or Salafism () is a fundamentalist revival movement within Sunni Islam, originating in the late 19th century and influential in the Islamic world to this day. The name "''Salafiyya''" is a self-designation, claiming a retu ...
party. A war later occurred called ''Harb al-Jabhah'' between Sharʿab as-Salam on one side and Sharʿab Ar Rawnah with the government on the other. The war was part of
NDF Rebellion The NDF Rebellion was an uprising and civil war in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) by the National Democratic Front, under Yahya Shami, between 1978 and 1982. History Beginning of the rebellion The rebellion began in 1978, following ...
. Libyan ruler
Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan military officer, revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until Killing of Muammar Gaddafi, his assassination by Libyan Anti-Gaddafi ...
supported Sharʿab as-Salam and gave them landmines. The mines were planted in many places in Sharʿab. The war ended after 4 years in a victory for the government, which took control of Sharʿab as-Salam. The war of Jabhah weakened the people of Sharʿab. In the 2011 crisis in Yemen, the people of al-Mikhlaf took over the city of Taiz after fighting that was more deadly than the fighting in the capital. The Sheikh of al-Mikhlaf, Hamoud Saeed al-Mikhlafi, become the leader of Taiz. Most people of the city of Taiz supported and loved al-Mikhlafi leadership. After the crisis ended, Hamoud Saeed al-Mikhlafi gave the leadership of Taiz to the new government but he was still popular among the people of Taiz. After the
Houthis The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, is a Zaydism, Zaydi Shia Islamism, Shia Islamist political and military organization that emerged from Yemen in the 1990s. It is predominantly made up of Zaydi Shias, with their namesake leadersh ...
attacked the city of Taiz in 2015, Hamoud Saeed al-Mikhlafi returned and fought in the frontlines against the Houthis. The death toll of Houthis who were killed by al-Mikhlafi forces was higher than those who were killed by the government and Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. According to some witnesses, the Houthis bodies were daily transferred from Taiz to Dhamar and 'Amran. Taiz was the only city in north Yemen that the Houthis were not able to control. The people of Shurrab fought in the war and mostly fought with al-Mikhlafi against al-Houthi. Al-Mikhlafi's son and brother were killed in the battles with Al-Houthi Al-Mikhlafi then traveled to Turkey. According to al-Mikhlafi, he left after he realised that the Saudi-led coalition was attacking his troops and not supporting him with weapons. He said that this is mainly because the U.A.E. accuses him of being part of the Muslim Brotherhood movement which he denies. After al-Mikhlafi left Taiz, a teenage warlord, Ghazwan al-Mikhlafi who is also from the al-Mikhlaf region took control of Taiz city and is also fighting against the al-Qaeda-linked militia in Taiz. However, Ghazwan was not beloved by the people of Taiz city. He is said to be controlling Taiz with fear and his militia are terrorising people. According to the ''Middle East Eye'', Critics of Ghazwan are often frightened of openly confronting him. International and regional NEO refused to discuss his practices with the ''Middle East Eye''. It is often from outside the city of Taiz that he is criticized.


Location

Shar'ab As Salam is located in the north of Taiz government and to north west of Taiz city. It is bordered by
Ibb Ibb () is a city in Yemen, the capital of Ibb Governorate, located about northeast of Mocha and south of Sana'a. A market town and administrative centre developed during the Ottoman Empire, it is one of the most important medium-sized cities i ...
to the north,
At Ta'iziyah district At Ta'iziyah District () is a district of the Taiz Governorate, Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the n ...
and Shar'ab Ar Rawnah district to the south, Mudhaykhirah district and At Ta'iziyah district to the east, Shar'ab Ar Rawnah to the west.


Sub-districts of Shar'ab As Salam

Rural districts in Yemen are divided into 'Uzaal (Sub-districts) while Uzaal are divided into
village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...
s. There are eighteen Uzaal in Shar'ab As Salam. In the post-Ottoman Empire administrative divisions, Sharʿab was mostly part of a province called ''Kaza al-ʿUdayn'' () and was part of Ibb region. *
Al-Qufa'ah Al-Qufa'ah () is a Yemeni sub-district in the Shar'ab as-Salam District in Taiz Governorate Taiz () is a governorates of Yemen, governorate of Yemen. The governorate's capital Taiz, the third-largest city in Yemen, is among the most important co ...
* Aqyus * Al-Ahjur * At-Tibhah * Al-Ashmus * Banī 'Awn * Ayfū' Ala' * Al-Amjūd * Banī Saba' * Ayfū' Asfal * Al-Akrūf * Banī Sha'b *
Banī Assela Banī ʿAssela () is a sub-district in the Shar'ab as-Salam District, Taiz Governorate, Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Ara ...
* Banī Bahir * Banī Wahban * Ash-Shurayf * 'Izbān * Az-Zawhah


Sharʿabi Jews

There was a large
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
community in Sharʿab as-Salam. The community is believed to have existed in Yemen as early as ''circa'' 130 CE until its demise around 1940. Sharʿab as-Salam was considered one of the most illustrious places of Jewish settlement in Yemen. Many distinguished Jewish personalities were born there, including the rabbis
Shalom Sharabi Sar Shalom Sharabi (), also known as the Rashash, the Shemesh or Ribbi Shalom Mizraḥi deyedi`a Sharabi (1720–1777), was a Yemenite Rabbi, Halachist, Chazzan and Kabbalist. In later life, he became the Rosh Yeshiva of Bet El Yeshiva in th ...
,
Mordechai Sharabi Mordechai Sharabi (; 1908, Shara'b As Salam District, Shara'b As Salam, Yemen – 1984, Jerusalem) was a rabbi and the founder and rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Nahar Shalom, a yeshiva for the study of the Kabbalah of Shalom Sharabi, in the Jerusa ...
and
Shalom Shabazi Shalom Shabazi (1619 – c. 1720) was the son of Yosef ben Avigad, of the family of Mashtā, also commonly known as Abba Sholem Shabazi or Saalem al-Shabazi (; ). He was a Jewish rabbi and poet who lived in 17th century Yemen, often referred to a ...
. It was an important place of
Torah The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () ...
learning, and home to many
Yeshivot A yeshiva (; ; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish education, Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in par ...
and schools. It had a population of over 10,000 Jews and was a major industrial centre of Yemen, where
goldsmith A goldsmith is a Metalworking, metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made cutlery, silverware, platter (dishware), plat ...
s' work,
weaving Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal ...
,
commerce Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...
,
silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...
trading and
shoemaking Shoemaking is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand, often by groups of shoemakers, or '' cordwainers'' (sometimes misidentified as cobblers, who repair shoes rather than make them). In the 18th cen ...
were the main industries of the day. The Sharabi Jews have a slightly different
pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. To This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or all language in a specific dialect—"correct" or "standard" pronunciation—or si ...
than most other Yemenite Jews.


Notable people

*
Abdulmalik Al-Mekhlafi Abdulmalik Abduljalil Al-Mekhlafi (; born 19 August 1959) is a former advisor to the president of the Republic of Yemen. He formerly served as deputy prime minister and foreign minister. Early life He was born in the village of ''Husˤin'' in t ...
, Yemeni politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Yemen *
Tawakkol Karman Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman (; ; born 7 February 1979) is a Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist. She co-founded and leads 'Women Journalists Without Chains', a group established in 2005 to advocate for press freedom ...
,
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
laureate


External links


References

{{coord, 13.7831, N, 43.8858, E, source:wikidata, display=title Districts of Taiz Governorate