Shādī Beg (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: شادی بیگ;

Turki Chagatai (, ), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (), is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was ...

/ Kypchak: شادی بک) was

Khan Khan may refer to: * Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name * Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by various ethnicities Art and entertainment * Khan (band), an English progressiv ...

of the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

from 1399 to 1407. He was the protégé of the all-powerful ''

beglerbeg ''Beylerbey'' (, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords’, sometimes rendered governor-general) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the Il ...

'',

Edigu Edigu (also Edigey, Eðivkäy or Edege Mangit; 1352–1419) was a Turko-Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde. Life Edigu was from the Crimean Manghit tribe, the son of ...

Ancestry

According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'' and the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', Shādī Beg was a son of Qutlū Beg, and thus a first cousin of his predecessor Tīmūr Qutluq. Both descended from

Tuqa-Timur Tuqa-Temür (also ''Toqa-Temür'' and ''Toghai-Temür'', in the Perso-Arabic orthography of the sources rendered ''Tūqā-Tīmūr'' or ''Tūqāy-Tīmūr'') was the thirteenth and youngest or penultimate son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan ...

, the son of

Jochi Jochi (; ), also spelled Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent Military of the ...

, the son of

Chinggis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

Reign

On the death of his cousin, Tīmūr Qutluq, allegedly from drunkenness, Shādī Beg was made khan by the

, in late 1399 or early 1400. Edigu may have considered Shādī Beg's youth and inexperience likely to ensure the beglerbeg's continued hold on power. The Russian prince Ivan Mihajlovič was invested with the Grand Principality of

Tver' Tver (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is situated at the confluence of the Volga and Tvertsa rivers. Tver is located northwest of Moscow. Population: The city is ...

by Shādī Beg in 1400. Edigu focused on his vendetta against the former khan

Tokhtamysh Tokhtamysh ( Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: توقتمش; ; ; – 1406) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1380 to 1395. He briefly succeeded in consolidating the Blue and White Hordes into a single polity. Tokhtamysh belonged to the House of Bo ...

, waging war against him in Sibir in 1400–1406, lasting for most of Shādī Beg's reign. In the early winter of 1406, Edigu's troops succeeded in attacking and killing Tokhtamysh on the

Tobol The Tobol (, ) is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is , and the area of its drainage basin is . History The Tobol River was one of the four important rivers of the S ...

River. Also in 1406, Shādī Beg supported the grand prince of

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

Vasilij I Dmitrievič by sending a force to assist the Muscovites against

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

. Vasilij had evaded both sending regular tribute to the khan and traveling to the khan's court, although he had given Shādī Beg's envoy, his treasurer, gifts for the khan in 1405. As khan, Shādī Beg claimed responsibility for the victory over Tokhtamysh, and apparently became increasingly dissatisfied with his position as a puppet monarch. He began to plot the elimination of Edigu, but the powerful beglerbeg discovered it on time and anticipated it, in late 1407. Shādī Beg fled, first to (old)

Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...

, then to

Shirvan Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan ...

. Here, Shādī Beg received asylum from the local ruler (Shirwānshāh) Ibrāhīm, who recognized him as khan and issued coins in his name until 1409. Edigu, who had made Tīmūr Qutluq's son Pūlād khan in Shādī Beg's place, demanded the fugitive khan's extradition, but was met with refusal. However, in 1409, Edigu's agents succeeded in murdering Shādī Beg at

Shamakhi Shamakhi (, ) is a city in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Shamakhi District. The city's estimated population was 31,704. It is famous for its traditional dancers, the Shamakhi Dancers, and also for perhaps giving its name to th ...

Descendants

Shādī Beg had several children, most notably Ghiyāth ad-Dīn, who claimed the throne of the Golden Horde after 1421, holding

Bolghar Bolghar (; Tatar language, Tatar: Болгар, بلغار, ''Bolğar''; Chuvash language, Chuvash: Аслă Пăлхар, ''Aslă Pălhar'') was intermittently the capital of Volga Bulgaria from the 10th to the 13th centuries, along with Bilär, ...

in 1423-1425 and Sarai in 1425-1426. Ghiyāth ad-Dīn's son Muṣṭafā also claimed the throne, from (old) Astrakhan, in 1431-1433; he died in 1464.Gaev 2002: 54; Tizengauzen 2006: 437; Vohidov 2006: 46.

Genealogy

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

*Kay-Timur *Abay *Numqan *Qutlugh Beg *Shadi Beg

References

Bibliography

* Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," ''Numizmatičeskij sbornik'' 3 (2002) 9-55. * Howorth, H. H., ''History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century.'' Part II.1. London, 1880. * Počekaev, R. J., ''Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy''. Saint Petersburg, 2010. * Sabitov, Ž. M., ''Genealogija "Tore"'', Astana, 2008. * Tizengauzen, V. G. (trans.), ''Sbornik materialov otnosjaščihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy. Izvlečenija iz persidskih sočinenii'', republished as ''Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah.'' 4. Almaty, 2006. {{DEFAULTSORT:Shadi Beg 1409 deaths 14th-century monarchs in Asia 15th-century monarchs in Asia 14th-century monarchs in Europe 15th-century monarchs in Europe Khans of the Golden Horde

Ancestry

Reign

Descendants

Genealogy

See also

References

Bibliography