Señorío De Sanlúcar
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The Señorío de Sanlúcar or Lordship of Sanlúcar was an independent
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
lordship in the
Kingdom of Castile The Kingdom of Castile (; : ) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (, ), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Ca ...
located in and around the modern day city of
Sanlúcar de Barrameda Sanlúcar may refer to: * Sanlúcar de Barrameda, a city in the Province of Cádiz, Spain * Sanlúcar de Guadiana, a village in the Province of Huelva, Spain * Sanlúcar la Mayor, a city in the Province of Seville, Spain *Sanlúcar de Albaida, forme ...
. It was taken from the
Kingdom of Granada The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic polity in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty. It was the last independent Muslim state in Western Europe. ...
in 1295.


History


Establishment

The Señorío de Sanlúcar was a Spanish Lordship located in the
Kingdom of Seville The Kingdom of Seville () was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1248 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" (''"reino"'') in the second sense given by the '' Diccionario de la l ...
which in turn belonged at the time of its formation to the
Kingdom of Castile The Kingdom of Castile (; : ) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (, ), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Ca ...
. The Señorío was created by order of King
Sancho IV of Castile Sancho IV of Castile (12 May 1258 – 25 April 1295) called the Brave (''el Bravo''), was the king of Castile, León and Galicia (now parts of Spain) from 1284 to his death. Following his brother Ferdinand's death, he gained the s ...
on 4 April 1295 and granted to
Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. I ...
''el Bueno'' for services rendered to the Castilian crown, specifically, his heroic defence of
Tarifa Tarifa () is a Spanish municipality in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Located at the southernmost end of the Iberian Peninsula, it is primarily known as one of the world's most popular destinations for windsports. Tarifa lies on the Costa d ...
during the
Spanish Reconquista The ''Reconquista'' (Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian Reconquista#Northern Christian realms, kingdoms waged ag ...
. Although Sancho IV died before handing over control officially to Guzmán el Bueno, his son,
Ferdinand IV of Castile Ferdinand IV of Castile (6 December 1285 – 7 September 1312) called the Summoned (''el Emplazado''), was King of Castile and King of León, León from 1295 until his death. Ferdinand's upbringing and personal custody was entered to his mother ...
confirmed the handover to Guzmán as follows ''La Villa de Sanlúcar con todos sus pobladores, términos y pertenencias, y los pechos y derechos que allí tenía y deber había'' (En: The Lordship of the town of Sanlúcar with all its people, income and belongings and the rights which this land held and should hold). The handover was signed at
Toro Toro may refer to: Places *Toro, Molise, a ''comune'' in the Province of Campobasso, Italy *Toro, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria *Toro, Shizuoka, an archaeological site in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan *Toro, Zamora, a ''m ...
on 13 October 1297 and the original documents are archived at the Archive of the House of Medina Sidonia.
Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. I ...
''el Bueno'' and his descendants used the denomination ''Señor de Sanlúcar'' as the first and most prestigious of their
noble title Traditional rank amongst European imperiality, royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to anoth ...
s.


Early years

In its inception, the Señorío de Sanlúcar included the
town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
of Sanlúcar which is today the city of
Sanlúcar de Barrameda Sanlúcar may refer to: * Sanlúcar de Barrameda, a city in the Province of Cádiz, Spain * Sanlúcar de Guadiana, a village in the Province of Huelva, Spain * Sanlúcar la Mayor, a city in the Province of Seville, Spain *Sanlúcar de Albaida, forme ...
and its surrounding lands which included the Port of Barrameda,
Trebujena Trebujena is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality located in the province of Cádiz, part of Andalusia in southern Spain. The area is known for its labor movement and its vineyards. Population and geography As at 1 January 2015 it had ...
,
Chipiona Chipiona is a town and municipality located on the Atlantic coast in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2012 census, the city has a population of 18,849 inhabitants, but this amount increases greatly during the summer holiday perio ...
and Rota. These four supplementary towns which originally formed the Señorío de Sanlúcar were separated from the Señorío as part of the dowry of Isabel Pérez de Guzmán, one of the daughters of
Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. I ...
''el Bueno'' who went on to marry Fernán Ponce de Léon. Thereafter, these towns were incorporated into the collective holdings of the House of Ponce de León a branch of the House of Arcos.


Control to the House of Medina Sidonia

Trebujena Trebujena is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality located in the province of Cádiz, part of Andalusia in southern Spain. The area is known for its labor movement and its vineyards. Population and geography As at 1 January 2015 it had ...
was made into an independent town ''chartae populationis'' on 21 April 1494 by order of Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Ribera, the III
Duke of Medina Sidonia Duke of Medina Sidonia () is a peerage grandee title of Spain in Medina-Sidonia, holding the oldest extant dukedom in the kingdom, first awarded by King John I of Castile in 1380. His father, Henry II of Castile (c.1334-1379), had an illegiti ...
. The Señorío de Sanlúcar was the power base of the
House of Medina Sidonia The House of Medina Sidonia (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Casa de Medina Sidonia'') is a Spanish Nobility, noble house originating from the crown of Castile, whose name comes from the Duke of Medina Sidonia, a hereditary Imperial, royal and nobl ...
until 1645 when
Sanlúcar de Barrameda Sanlúcar may refer to: * Sanlúcar de Barrameda, a city in the Province of Cádiz, Spain * Sanlúcar de Guadiana, a village in the Province of Huelva, Spain * Sanlúcar la Mayor, a city in the Province of Seville, Spain *Sanlúcar de Albaida, forme ...
was incorporated into the
Spanish crown The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy () is the constitutional form of government of Spain. It consists of a Hereditary monarchy, hereditary monarch who reigns as the head of state, being the highest office of the country. The Spanish ...
. This occurred in the aftermath of the Andalusian independentist conspiracy, an effort by the House of Medina Sidonia to consolidate power at the expense of the Spanish crown. As a result, much of their holdings were confiscated by the crown. Today, the Costa Noroeste de Cádiz roughly encapsulates the former extent of the original Señorío de Sanlúcar.


The Señors de Sanlúcar


References

* Much of the information on this page was translated from its Spanish and Euskara equivalents.


Bibliography


Historia del Señorío de Albarracín (José Luis Castán Esteban)
(In Spanish) {{DEFAULTSORT:Senorio de Sanlucar History of Andalusia