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Sevsk (russian: Севск) is a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than city, cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares ...
and the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, L ...
of
Sevsky District Sevsky District (russian: Се́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #13-Z and municipalLaw #3-Z district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the distric ...
in
Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Oblast (russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, ''Bryanskaya oblast''), also known as Bryanshchina (russian: Брянщина, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of th ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
, located on the (
Dnieper } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine ...
's basin), from
Bryansk Bryansk ( rus, Брянск, p=brʲansk) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, southwest of Moscow. Population: Geography Urban layout The location of the settlement was originally ...
, the administrative center of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom ...
. Population:


History

Sevsk is one of the oldest cities in the Bryansk region. Along with
Novgorod-Seversky Novhorod-Siverskyi ( uk, Новгород-Сіверський ) is a historic city in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion, although until 18 July 2020 it was incorporated as a city ...
,
Putivl Putyvl′ Frank SysynBetween Poland and the Ukraine: The Dilemma of Adam Kysil, 1600-1653 - P. 25. (, ) or Putivl′ ( rus, Пути́вль, p=pʊˈtʲivlʲ) is a city in north-east Ukraine, in Sumy Oblast. The city served as the administrative ...
em and Rylsk, it was one of the cities of the historical Severshchina. Archaeological research indicates the early settlement of the territory of Sevsk. Sevsk is first mentioned under 1146 in two chronicles — ''
Resurrection Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. In a number of religions, a dying-and-rising god is a deity which dies and is resurrected. Reincarnation is a similar process hypothesized by other religions, whic ...
'' and '' Ipatievskaya''. At that time, the city was part of the Chernihiv-Seversk land. In the reign of
Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Iv ...
The Sevsky Kremlin was fortified, garrison reinforced by guard Cossacks, who created a Cossack
sloboda A sloboda ( rus, слобода́, p=sləbɐˈda) was a kind of settlement in the history of the Old Russian regions Povolzhye, Central Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for " freedom" and may be loose ...
here. In the middle of the 17th century a Sev fortress was included in the system of newly created defensive guards along the south-western borders. The convenient location contributed to the creation of a strong fortress here, which played a significant role in the history of Russia. Sevsk was known as a major shopping center not only in Russia, but also in the West. In 1634, the siege of Sevsk / defense of Sevsk from the Poles played an important role in ending the
Smolensk War The Smolensk War (1632–1634) was a conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia. Hostilities began in October 1632 when Russian forces tried to capture the city of Smolensk. Small military engagements produced mix ...
. After 1683 and the city grew many times at the expense of streltsy and other service people, sent here from
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
after Streletsky Revolt (1682)/ streltsy riots. At the end of the XVII century, a silver coin was minted in Sevsk for Ukrainian territories that became part of Russia — Sevsk Czechs. In 1687 at Sevsk, the 32nd Chernihiv Colonelwas beheaded Grigory Ivanovich Samoilovich, Grigory Samoilovich (son of
hetman ( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military ...
a
Ivan Samoilovich Ivan Samoylovych (, , ; died 1690) was the Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687. His term in office was marked by further incorporation of the Cossack Hetmanate into the Tsardom of Russia and by attempts to win Right-bank Ukraine from ...
). In the XVIII century, the defensive importance of Sevsk as a border town weakened, as the borders were moved to the south and west. It organizes the civil administration. The city was granted a
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in it ...
and a general development plan. Military people are settling on the outskirts of the city. In Sevsk and its environs, there are still Streletskaya, Pushkarnaya, Soldatskaya Sloboda, and the village of Reitarovka. With the division of Russia into provinces, Sevsk was included in the Kiev province, in which in 1719 became the center of
Sevsk province Sevsk (russian: Севск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities *Sevsk, Bryansk Oblast, a town in Sevsky District of Bryansk Oblast; ;Rural localities * Sevsk, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement in Burlakovskaya R ...
, which included 9 cities: Sevsk, Trubchevsk, Bryansk, Karachev, Kromy, Rylsk, Putivl, Nedrigailov and Kamenny with their districts (uyezds). In 1727 Sevsk was transferred to Belgorod province, divided into three provinces, of which Sevsk province was the most populous (out of the 700 thousand population of the province, it accounted for 300 thousand). In 1778 Sevsk becomes the center of Sevsky uyezd as part of Orel Viceroyalty. At this time, it was decided to rebuild the city according to a new plan, breaking it into regular squares. The inhabitants of the city were engaged in crafts, trade and Yamsky craft. In the 1880s, the first railway line ran through Sevsky uyezd, but Sevsk itself was left out of it, which affected the development of industry and trade. At the same time, much has been done in the improvement of the city: water supply was carried out, the central streets were gas-lit, the main street was paved with cobblestones. In the eastern part of the city, on the high bank of the Seva, a building of the zemstvo council was built. In the north-western part of the city in 1913, a large two-story building was erected, specially designed for the Sevsky Real School, established in 1909. The school became one of the cultural centers of the city, where literary evenings were held, concerts were arranged, and amateur performances were staged. In 1917, the mathematician Ivan Petrovsky, future
rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
of
Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
, graduated from the school. 1 October 1941 as part of Operation Typhoon
2nd panzer group The 2nd Panzer Army (german: 2. Panzerarmee) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941. Organisation Panzer Group Guderian (german: Panzergruppe Guderian) was formed on 5 June 1940 ...
Guderian, Heinz Wilhelm / Guderian Army Group "Center" broke through the defense of its central sector
13th army Thirteenth Army or 13th Army may refer to: *Thirteenth Army (Japan) *Japanese Thirteenth Area Army *13th Army (Russian Empire), unit in World War I *13th Army (RSFSR), a unit in the Russian Civil War *13th Army (Soviet Union) *13th Air Army The 76 ...
Of the Bryansk Front A. I. Eremenko to the full depth and advanced 60 km. On 1 October, 24th Motorized Corps occupied Sevsk. The city was liberated by the 2nd Panzer Army on 2 March 1943 as part of the Dmitriev-Sevskaya operation, but on
27 March Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. *1329 – Pope John XXII is ...
was again captured by the Germans. Finally released in September 1943 as part of the Bryansk operation.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sevsk serves as the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, L ...
of
Sevsky District Sevsky District (russian: Се́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #13-Z and municipalLaw #3-Z district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the distric ...
.Law #13-Z As an administrative division, it is, together with four
rural localities In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are des ...
, incorporated within Sevsky District as Sevsky Urban Administrative Okrug.Law #69-Z As a municipal division, Sevsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated within Sevsky Municipal District as Sevskoye Urban Settlement.Law #3-Z


Architecture

Architectural monuments include the remnants of defensive walls of the medieval fortress and the churches of Kazan Virgin (1760), Ascension (1765), and Sts. Peter and Paul (1809). Sevsk used to have two cathedrals, one dating to 1782 and another to 1811. Both cathedrals were destroyed during Stalin's rule, but their bell towers still stand.


Sister cities

* Bender,
Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised state of Transnist ...
*
Dingwall Dingwall ( sco, Dingwal, gd, Inbhir Pheofharain ) is a town and a royal burgh in the Highland council area of Scotland. It has a population of 5,491. It was an east-coast harbour that now lies inland. Dingwall Castle was once the biggest cas ...
,
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to th ...
,
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...


References


Notes


Sources

* * * {{Authority control Cities and towns in Bryansk Oblast Sevsky Uyezd