''Sesbania'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the

pea Pea (''pisum'' in Latin) is a pulse or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species. Peas are eaten as a vegetable. Carl Linnaeus gave the species the scientific name ''Pisum sativum' ...

family,

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesbania (''

Sesbania bispinosa The legume ''Sesbania bispinosa'', also known as ''Sesbania aculeata'' ( Willd.) Pers., is a small tree in the genus ''Sesbania''. Names The name Sesbania is taken from its Arabic name Siesaban "سيسبان". It is known by many common names, ...

''), and '' Sesbania sesban'', which is used in cooking. Plants of this genus, some of which are aquatic, can be used in

alley cropping Agroforestry (also known as agro-sylviculture or forest farming) is a land use management system that integrates trees with crops or pasture. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies. As a polyculture system, an agroforestry system can ...

to increase the

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from ''soil'' by re ...

's nitrogen content. The species of

rhizobia Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. I ...

responsible for

nitrogen fixation Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen () is converted into ammonia (). It occurs both biologically and abiological nitrogen fixation, abiologically in chemical industry, chemical industries. Biological nitrogen ...

in ''Sesbania rostrata'' is ''

Azorhizobium caulinodans ''Azorhizobium caulinodans'' is a species of bacteria that forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus ''Sesbania''. The symbiotic relationship between ''Sesbania rostrata'' and ''A. caulinodans'' lead to nitrogen fixing nodules in ...

''. Some 60 species are currently accepted, with about 39 still unresolved. The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, in the Americas from the southern United States to northern Argentina, in sub-Saharan Africa, in southern Asia, and in New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific. The largest number of species are found in Africa, and the remainder in Australia, Hawaii, and Asia.

Fossil record

Fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...

seed pods from the upper

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

resembling ''Sesbania'' have been found in the Hungarian locality of Eger Wind-brickyard. The fossil species grew in a

swamp A swamp is a forested wetland.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p. Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in ...

y and

riparian A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. In some regions, the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone, riparian corridor, and riparian strip are used to characterize a ripar ...

environment.Distribution of Legumes in the Tertiary of Hungary by L. Hably, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,

List of species

60 species are accepted, organized into three

sections Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

Section ''Glottidium'' (Desvaux) Lavin

* '' Sesbania vesicaria'' ( Jacq.) Elliott

Section ''Daubentonia'' (DC.) Bentham

* ''

Sesbania drummondii ''Sesbania drummondii'', known as poisonbean, rattlebox and rattlebush, is a medium-sized Perennial plant, perennial shrub in the legume family Fabaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, from Texas east to Florida. These woody-bas ...

'' ( Rydb.) Cory * ''

Sesbania cavanillesii ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' S.Watson * ''

Sesbania macroptera ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' * '' Sesbania punicea'' (Cav.) Benth. – rattlebox * ''

Sesbania virgata ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' (Cav.) Poir. – wand riverhemp

Section ''Sesbania'' Adans.

* ''

Sesbania benthamiana ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' * ''

'' ( Jacq.) W.Wight * ''

Sesbania brachycarpa ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' * ''

Sesbania brevipeduncula ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' * ''

Sesbania campylocarpa ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox (''Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesba ...

'' * '' Sesbania cannabina'' (Retz.) Poir. * '' Sesbania chippendalei'' * '' Sesbania cinerascens'' * '' Sesbania coccinea'' * ''

Sesbania coerulescens ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox ('' Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesb ...

'' * '' Sesbania concolor'' * '' Sesbania dalzielii'' * '' Sesbania dummeri'' * '' Sesbania erubescens'' * '' Sesbania exasperata'' * '' Sesbania formosa'' * '' Sesbania goetzei'' * ''

Sesbania grandiflora ''Sesbania grandiflora'', common names vegetable hummingbird, katurai, agati, kathurumurunga, and West Indian pea, is a leguminous tree of family Fabaceae native to Malesia, including Malaysia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. It is widely distr ...

'' ( L.) Poir. * '' Sesbania greenwayi'' * '' Sesbania hepperi'' * '' Sesbania herbacea'' (Mill.) McVaugh – bigpod sesbania * '' Sesbania hirtistyla'' * '' Sesbania hobdyi'' * '' Sesbania javanica'' * ''

Sesbania keniensis ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox (''Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesba ...

'' * '' Sesbania leptocarpa'' * '' Sesbania macowaniana'' * '' Sesbania macrantha'' * '' Sesbania madagascariensis'' * '' Sesbania mannii'' * '' Sesbania melanocaulis'' * '' Sesbania microphylla'' * '' Sesbania mossambicensis'' * '' Sesbania notialis'' * '' Sesbania oligosperma'' * '' Sesbania pachycarpa'' * '' Sesbania paucisemina'' * '' Sesbania procumbens'' * '' Sesbania quadrata'' * '' Sesbania rostrata'' * '' Sesbania sericea'' (Willd.) Link – papagayo * '' Sesbania sesban'' (L.) Merr. – Egyptian riverhemp * '' Sesbania simpliciuscula'' * '' Sesbania somaliensis'' * '' Sesbania speciosa'' * '' Sesbania sphaerosperma'' * '' Sesbania subalata'' * '' Sesbania sudanica'' * '' Sesbania tetraptera'' * '' Sesbania tomentosa'' Hook. &

Arn. George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. He collaborated with botanists from around the world and served as a regius professor of botany at the University of Glasgow. An orchid genus ' ...

– Ōhai (Hawaii) * '' Sesbania transvaalensis'' J.B.Gillett

''
Incertae Sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

* '' Sesbania burbidgeae'' * '' Sesbania emerus'' (Aubl.) Urban – coffeebean * '' Sesbania longifolia'' * '' Sesbania marchionica'' * '' Sesbania muelleri'' * '' Sesbania uliginosa'' * '' Sesbania wildemannii''

Phylogeny

Modern

molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

suggest the following relationships between the species of ''Sesbania'':

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Faboideae Tropical agriculture Fabaceae genera Pantropical flora

Fossil record

List of species

Section ''Glottidium'' (Desvaux) Lavin

Section ''Daubentonia'' (DC.) Bentham

Section ''Sesbania'' Adans.

''Incertae Sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...''

Phylogeny

References

External links

''
Incertae Sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''