Service d'Intelligence National (''National Intelligence Service'', SIN) was a

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

an intelligence agency created by the US Central Intelligence Agency after the 1986 overthrow of Jean-Claude Duvalier, at the height of the

Anti-Duvalier protest movement The Anti-Duvalier protest movement was a series of demonstrations in Haiti from 23 May 1984 – 7 February 1986 that led to the overthrow of President Jean-Claude Duvalier and the Duvalier dynasty regime and the readoption of the original flag ...

.Whitney, Kathleen Marie (1996), "Sin, Fraph, and the CIA: U.S. Covert Action in Haiti", ''Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas'', Vol. 3, Issue 2 (1996), pp. 303-332 The unit, staffed by officers of the Armed Forces of Haiti, "engaged in drug trafficking and political violence". The CIA provided half a million to a million dollars per year to train SIN in

counter-narcotics The war on drugs is a global campaign, led by the United States federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States.Cockburn and St. Clair, 199 ...

, but the group produced no intelligence and instead used their training against political opponents. The

1987 Haitian general election General elections were held in Haiti on 29 November 1987, with a second round planned for 29 December. Voters were to elect the President, 77 deputies and 27 senators. However, the elections were suspended due to a massacre of voters. Candidates ...

was cancelled after troops led by SIN member Col Jean Claude Paul massacred 30 – 300 voters on election day.Whitney, Kathleen Marie (1996), "Sin, Fraph, and the CIA: U.S. Covert Action in Haiti", ''Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas'', Vol. 3, Issue 2 (1996), pp. 303-332. p319 Jimmy Carter later wrote that

"Citizens who lined up to vote were mowed down by fusillades of terrorists' bullets. Military leaders, who had either orchestrated or condoned the murders, moved in to cancel the election and retain control of the Government."

Despite this the CIA continued to give the SIN up to $1m per year, even as the SIN continued to target political opponents. Between 1986 and 1991 SIN murdered up to 5000 members of democratic movements. The CIA only cut its ties to SIN after the

1991 Haitian coup d'état The 1991 Haitian coup d'état took place on 29 September 1991, when President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, elected eight months earlier in the 1990–91 Haitian general election, was deposed by the Armed Forces of Haiti. Haitian military officers, p ...

which ended

Jean-Bertrand Aristide Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 15 July 1953) is a Haitian former Salesian priest and politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in ...

's 8-month Presidency, following the

1990–91 Haitian general election General elections were held in Haiti between 16 December 1990 and 20 January 1991. The presidential election, held on 16 December, resulted in a victory for Jean-Bertrand Aristide of the National Front for Change and Democracy (FCND). The FCND al ...

. Its support for SIN, and SIN's involvement in drug trafficking, became public in 1993. Emmanuel Constant has said that he helped found SIN.Whitney (1996:324)

References

{{National intelligence agencies Haitian intelligence agencies History of Haiti Defunct law enforcement agencies of Haiti