The Serenade in D major for Violin, Viola and Cello (String Trio No. 2), Op. 8, is a string trio composition by

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

. It was written from 1796–97, and published in 1797 by Artaria in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Structure

The composition is in six movements # Marcia: ''Allegro'' (4/4) – ''Adagio'' (3/4) #

Menuetto A minuet (; also spelled menuet) is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually written in time. The English word was adapted from the Italian ''minuetto'' and the French ''menuet''. The term also describes the musical form that ...

: ''Allegretto'' (3/4) # ''Adagio'' -

Scherzo A scherzo (, , ; plural scherzos or scherzi), in western classical music, is a short composition – sometimes a movement from a larger work such as a symphony or a sonata. The precise definition has varied over the years, but scherzo often r ...

: ''Allegro molto'' - ''Adagio'' - ''Allegro molto'' - ''Adagio'', in

D minor D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major. The D natural minor scale is: Changes needed ...

(2/4) # ''Allegretto alla polacca'', in

F major F major is a major scale based on F, with the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat.Music Theory'. (1950). United States: Standards and Curriculum Division, Training, Bureau of Naval Personnel. 28. Its relati ...

(3/4) # ''Andante quasi allegretto'' (2/4) - Variation 1 - Variation 2 - Variation 3 - Variation 4 (2/4) - ''Allegro'' (6/8) - Tempo I (2/4) # Marcia: ''Allegro'' (4/4) A typical performance takes around 26–30 minutes.

Transcriptions

In 1803, Franz Xaver Kleinheinz arranged this piece for viola and piano. It was published in 1804 as the ''Notturno for Viola and Piano in D major'', Op. 42. In September 1803 Beethoven wrote to his publisher: ''"I have gone through he arrangementsand made drastic corrections in some passages. So do not dare to state in writing that I have arranged them ..If you do, you will be telling a lie, seeing that, moreover, I could never have found the time, or even had the patience, to do work of that kind."'' Nonetheless, Beethoven was incorrectly credited as the author of the arrangement. In addition to straightforward correction of the transcription, Beethoven permitted himself an odd extra bar and occasional new imitative counterpoint. In his book ''Classic Music: Expression, Form, and Style,'' Leonard G. Ratner cites the fourth movement as a representative example of the

polonaise The polonaise (, ; , ) is a dance originating in Poland, and one of the five Polish folk dances#National Dances, Polish national dances in Triple metre, time. The original Polish-language name of the dance is ''chodzony'' (), denoting a walki ...

References

Notes Sources * * * * * * *

External links

* String trios by Ludwig van Beethoven

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

1797 compositions Compositions in D major {{chamber-composition-stub