Scarabaeus Basuto
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The genus ''Scarabaeus'' consists of a number of
Afro-Eurasia Afro-Eurasia (also Afroeurasia and Eurafrasia) is a landmass comprising the continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The terms are compound (linguistics), compound words of the names of its constituent parts. Afro-Eurasia has also been called th ...
n
dung beetle Dung beetles are beetles that feed on feces. All species of dung beetle belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles). As most species of Scara ...
species, including the "sacred scarab beetle", ''
Scarabaeus sacer ''Scarabaeus sacer'', common name sacred scarab, is the type species of the genus ''Scarabaeus'' and the family Scarabaeidae. This dung beetle is native of southern Europe, northern Africa and western Asia, and it was venerated in ancient Egypt. ...
'' and is the namesake of the tribe
Scarabaeini The ScarabaeiniLatreille PA (1802) ''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Tome 3.'' F. Dufart, Paris. are a Tribe (biology), tribe of old-world Scarabaeinae, dung beetle genera, erected by Pierre André ...
, the family
Scarabaeidae The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly tre ...
, the superfamily
Scarabaeoidea Scarabaeoidea is a superfamily of beetles, the only subgroup of the infraorder Scarabaeiformia. Around 35,000 species are placed in this superfamily and some 200 new species are described each year. Some of its constituent families are undergo ...
and the infraorder
Scarabaeiformia Scarabaeoidea is a superfamily of beetles, the only subgroup of the infraorder Scarabaeiformia. Around 35,000 species are placed in this superfamily and some 200 new species are described each year. Some of its constituent families are undergo ...
. These beetles feed exclusively on dung, which they accomplish by rolling a piece of dung some distance from where it was deposited, and burying it in order to feed on it underground. They also prepare food for their larvae by excavating an underground chamber, and filling it with balls that have eggs laid in them. The growing
larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...
feeds upon the dung ball,
pupa A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages th ...
tes, and eventually emerges as an adult. A "scarabaeus" is also a now outdated term (
OED The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first editio ...
2) for an object in the form of a scarab beetle in art. The scarab was a popular form of
amulet An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor. The word "amulet" comes from the Latin word , which Pliny's ''Natural History'' describes as "an object that protects a perso ...
in
Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...
, and in
ancient Greek art Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation. The rate of stylistic d ...
engraved gem An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face. The engraving of gemstones was a major lux ...
s were often carved as scarabs on the rest of the stone behind the main flattish face, which was used for sealing documents. A creature identified as Scarabaeus appears in "
The Gold-Bug "The Gold-Bug" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843. The plot follows William Legrand, who becomes fixated on an unusual gold-colored bug he has discovered. His servant Jupiter fears that Legrand is going insan ...
" by
Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely re ...
, and a poem entitled "Scarabæus sisyphus" was created by Mathilde Blind.


Gallery

File:Scarabaeus ambiguus Boheman, 1857 (2964358216).jpg, '' Scarabaeus ambiguus'' File:Scarabaeus caffer 000360-1.jpg, '' Scarabaeus caffer'' File:Scarabaeus catenatus Gerstaecker, 1871 (3029787698) (2).jpg, '' Scarabaeus catenatus'' File:Scarabaeus geminogalenus 000716-1.jpg, '' Scarabaeus geminogalenus'' File:Scarabaeus jalof Castelnau, 1840 (3304536832) (2).jpg, '' Scarabaeus jalof'' File:Scarabaeus nitidicollis Lansberge, 1882 (3456710016).jpg, '' Scarabaeus nitidicollis'' File:Scarabaeus satyrus (Boheman, 1860) (3847992837) (2).jpg, '' Scarabaeus satyrus'' File:Soutpansberg Dung Beetle (Scarabaeus schulzeae).jpg, '' Scarabaeus schulzeae'' Kheper_nigroaeneus_(Boheman,_1857)_(3456714178).jpg, '' Scarabaeus (Kheper) nigroaeneus''


Subgenera and species

The following subgenera are accepted in ''BioLib'': # '' Ateuchetus'' Bedel, 1892 # '' Escarabaeus'' Zídek & Pokorny, 2011 # '' Kheper'' Janssens, 1940 # '' Mnematidium'' Ritsema, 1888 # '' Pachylosoma'' Zídek & Pokorný, 2008 # '' Pachysoma'' MacLeay, 1821 # '' Scarabaeolus'' Balthasar, 1965 # ''Scarabaeus'' Linnaeus, 1758 # ''
incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
'' ;All species: * '' Scarabaeus acuticollis'' * '' Scarabaeus aegyptiacus'' * '' Scarabaeus aegyptiorum'' * '' Scarabaeus aeratus'' * '' Scarabaeus aesculapius'' * '' Scarabaeus alienus'' * '' Scarabaeus ambiguus'' * '' Scarabaeus anderseni'' * '' Scarabaeus andreaei'' * '' Scarabaeus andrewesi'' * '' Scarabaeus armeniacus'' * '' Scarabaeus asceticus'' * '' Scarabaeus babori'' * '' Scarabaeus bannuensis'' * '' Scarabaeus basuto'' * '' Scarabaeus bennigseni'' * '' Scarabaeus bohemani'' * '' Scarabaeus bonellii'' * '' Scarabaeus bornemizzai'' * '' Scarabaeus brahminus'' * '' Scarabaeus caffer'' * '' Scarabaeus canaliculatus'' * '' Scarabaeus cancer'' * '' Scarabaeus carinatus'' * '' Scarabaeus catenatus'' * '' Scarabaeus cicatricosus'' * '' Scarabaeus clanceyi'' * '' Scarabaeus clericus'' * '' Scarabaeus cognatus'' * '' Scarabaeus confusus'' * '' Scarabaeus convexus'' * '' Scarabaeus cristatus'' * '' Scarabaeus cupreus'' * '' Scarabaeus cuvieri'' * '' Scarabaeus damarensis'' * '' Scarabaeus deludens'' * '' Scarabaeus denticollis'' * '' Scarabaeus devotus'' * '' Scarabaeus dioscoridis'' * '' Scarabaeus ebenus'' * '' Scarabaeus endroedyi'' * '' Scarabaeus erichsoni'' * '' Scarabaeus festivus'' * '' Scarabaeus fitzsimonsi'' * '' Scarabaeus flavicornis'' * '' Scarabaeus fraterculus'' * '' Scarabaeus fritschi'' * '' Scarabaeus funebris'' * '' Scarabaeus furcatus'' * '' Scarabaeus galenus'' * '' Scarabaeus gangeticus'' * '' Scarabaeus gariepinus'' * '' Scarabaeus gilleti'' * '' Scarabaeus glentoni'' * '' Scarabaeus goryi'' * '' Scarabaeus gracai'' * '' Scarabaeus heqvisti'' * '' Scarabaeus hippocrates'' * '' Scarabaeus hottentorum'' * '' Scarabaeus inoportunus'' * '' Scarabaeus inquisitus'' * '' Scarabaeus intermedius'' * '' Scarabaeus interstitialis'' * '' Scarabaeus intricatus'' * '' Scarabaeus irakensis'' * '' Scarabaeus isidis'' * '' Scarabaeus jalof'' * '' Scarabaeus janssensi'' * '' Scarabaeus karlwerneri'' * '' Scarabaeus karrooensis'' * '' Scarabaeus knobeli'' * '' Scarabaeus kochi'' * '' Scarabaeus kwiluensis'' * '' Scarabaeus laevifrons'' * '' Scarabaeus laevistriatus'' * '' Scarabaeus lamarcki'' * '' Scarabaeus laticollis'' * '' Scarabaeus licitus'' * '' Scarabaeus lucidulus'' * '' Scarabaeus multidentatus'' * '' Scarabaeus namibicus'' * '' Scarabaeus natalensis'' * '' Scarabaeus nigroaeneus'' * '' Scarabaeus nitidicollis'' * '' Scarabaeus obsoletepunctatus'' * '' Scarabaeus opacipennis'' * '' Scarabaeus pabulator'' * '' Scarabaeus paganus'' * '' Scarabaeus palemo'' * '' Scarabaeus parvulus'' * '' Scarabaeus piliventris'' * ''
Scarabaeus pius The genus ''Scarabaeus'' consists of a number of Afro-Eurasian dung beetle species, including the "sacred scarab beetle", ''Scarabaeus sacer'' and is the namesake of the tribe Scarabaeini, the family Scarabaeidae, the superfamily Scarabaeoidea a ...
'' * '' Scarabaeus planifrons'' * '' Scarabaeus platynotus'' * '' Scarabaeus plausibilis'' * '' Scarabaeus poggei'' * '' Scarabaeus porosus'' * '' Scarabaeus proboscideus'' * '' Scarabaeus prodigiosus'' * '' Scarabaeus puncticollis'' * '' Scarabaeus pustulosus'' * '' Scarabaeus radama'' * '' Scarabaeus ritchiei'' * '' Scarabaeus rixosus'' * '' Scarabaeus rodriguesi'' * '' Scarabaeus rotundigenus'' * '' Scarabaeus rubripennis'' * '' Scarabaeus rugosus'' * '' Scarabaeus rusticus'' * ''
Scarabaeus sacer ''Scarabaeus sacer'', common name sacred scarab, is the type species of the genus ''Scarabaeus'' and the family Scarabaeidae. This dung beetle is native of southern Europe, northern Africa and western Asia, and it was venerated in ancient Egypt. ...
'' * '' Scarabaeus sanctus'' * '' Scarabaeus satyrus'' * '' Scarabaeus savignyi'' * '' Scarabaeus schinzi'' * '' Scarabaeus scholtzi'' * '' Scarabaeus schulzeae'' * '' Scarabaeus semipunctatus'' * '' Scarabaeus sennaariensis'' * '' Scarabaeus sevoistra'' * '' Scarabaeus silenus'' * '' Scarabaeus spretus'' * '' Scarabaeus striatus'' * '' Scarabaeus subaeneus'' * '' Scarabaeus sulcipennis'' * '' Scarabaeus suri'' * '' Scarabaeus tonckeri'' * '' Scarabaeus transcaspicus'' * '' Scarabaeus typhon'' * '' Scarabaeus valeflorae'' * '' Scarabaeus vanderkelleni'' * '' Scarabaeus vansoni'' * '' Scarabaeus variolosus'' * '' Scarabaeus venerabilis'' * '' Scarabaeus westwoodi'' * '' Scarabaeus vethi'' * '' Scarabaeus viator'' * '' Scarabaeus vicinus'' * '' Scarabaeus viettei'' * '' Scarabaeus wilsoni'' * '' Scarabaeus winkleri'' * '' Scarabaeus xavieri'' * '' Scarabaeus zagrosensis'' * '' Scarabaeus zambezianus'' * '' Scarabaeus zurstrasseni'' Fauna europaea


References


External links

* * {{Authority control Scarabaeinae Scarabaeidae genera