Sanātanī

''Sanātanī'' (Devanagari: ) is a modern term used to describe Hindu duties that incorporate teachings from the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Agamas and other Hindu religious texts and scriptures such as the ''Ramayana'' and its many versions, as well as the ''Mahabharata'' (incl. the ''Bhagavad Gita''), which itself is often described as a concise guide to Hindu philosophy and a practical, self-contained guide to life. Preface p.9 The word ''Sanātanī'' is coined from Sanātana Dharma () which refers to the idea that its origins lie beyond human history, as revealed in the Hindu texts.

A Sanātanī performs duties according to one's spiritual (constitutional) identity as '' atman'' (Self) and thus these duties are the same for everyone. General duties include virtues such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings, purity, charity, goodwill, mercy, patience, forbearance, self-restraint, generosity, and asceticism. In other words, any follower of Sanātana Dharma (Hinduism) irrespective of their philosophy, denomination or choice of deity can be considered a Sanātanī.

Sanātanī as a denomination

Since many reformist groups had the word ''Samaj'' (meaning ''society'') or were led by a ''sant'' (meaning ''saint''), ''Sanātanī'' are often held to be in contrast with ''Samajists'' and ''Santpanthis'' (meaning those who walk on the ''panth''/''path'' shown by their ''sant''/''saint''). Unlike South India, where religious traditions such as Shaivism, Shaktism and Vaishnavism form the principal Hindu denominations, "they were effectively subsumed under the Sanatani identity" in many regions of North India, and the ''Samajs'' and ''Santpanths'' became the other distinct Hindu denominations.

Reformist denominations such as the Arya Samaj are often fundamentalist in their approach. The Arya Samaj regards the Vedas as infallible scripture, and rejects what it regards as non-Vedic innovations in Sanātanī Hinduism. These non-Vedic additions included inherited caste, the position of Brahmins as a revered group, idol-worship, and the addition of thousands of deities to the Sanatani Hindu pantheon.

These differences are often apparent in social practices. Arya Samaji weddings, for instance, are based on Vedic practice and tend to be simpler and shorter with a qualified individual of any caste-heritage conducting the wedding, whereas Sanatani weddings are longer, with more complex rituals pertaining to regional variations.

Competition with other denominations

Sanatanis and reformists (such as the Arya Samaj, the Radha Soamis and the Ramakrishna Mission) have competed for adherents for more than a century, sometimes creating deep schisms in Hindu society, as in the case of South African Hindus who were split between the Arya Samaj and Sanatanis. While the reformist groups were better organized initially, by the 1860s, a process of internal counter-reform was underway in Sanatani groups as well, and societies to propagate orthodox beliefs along modern lines emerged, such as Sanatan Dharm Rakshini Sabha in 1873. Some religious commentators have compared the Sanatani-Samaji dichotomy within Hinduism as similar to the Catholic-Protestant division in Christianity.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanatani
Hindu denominations