Santi Dodici Apostoli (Church of the Twelve Holy Apostles; ), commonly known as Santi Apostoli, is a 6th-century

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...

and

titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church () is a Churches in Rome, church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the Holy orders in the Catholic Church, clergy who is created a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal. These are Catholic churches in ...

and

minor basilica Basilicas are Catholic church buildings that have a designation, conferring special privileges, given by the Pope. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectura ...

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, the mother church of the Conventual Franciscan Order whose General Curia (world headquarters) is in the adjacent building. Dedicated originally to St. James and St. Philip whose relics are kept here, and later to all

Apostles An apostle (), in its literal sense, is an emissary. The word is derived from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (''apóstolos''), literally "one who is sent off", itself derived from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (''apostéllein''), "to se ...

, it is the Station church for Friday, the first week of Lent."Friday: Santi XII Apostoli", PNAC
/ref> The

Cardinal Priest A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Ca ...

of the ''Titulus XII Apostolorum'' is

Angelo Scola Angelo Scola (; born 7 November 1941) is an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal of the Catholic Church, philosopher and theologian. He was Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan, Archbishop of Milan from 2011 to 2017. He served as Patriarch ...

. Among the previous Cardinal Priests are

Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV (; ; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in September 1774. At the time of his elec ...

, whose tomb by Canova is in the basilica, and

Henry Benedict Stuart Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal, and was the third and final Jacobitism, Jacobite heir to pub ...

History

The first church dedicated to the Holy Apostles was one built under

Pope Julius I Pope Julius I was the bishop of Rome from 6 February 337 to his death on 12 April 352. He was appealed to by Athanasius when the latter was deposed from his position as patriarch by Arian bishops, Julius then supported Athanasius and condemned hi ...

in the mid-fourth century near

Trajan's Forum Trajan's Forum (; ) was the last of the Imperial fora to be constructed in ancient Rome. The architect Apollodorus of Damascus oversaw its construction. History This forum was built on the order of the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war f ...

. It is listed as "Titulus SS Apostolorum" in the acts of the synod of 499. Its successor was built by

Pope Pelagius I Pope Pelagius I (died 3 March 561) was the bishop of Rome from 556 to his death on 3 March 561. A former '' apocrisiarius'' to Constantinople, Pelagius I was elected pope as the candidate of Emperor Justinian I, a designation not well received i ...

, on the present site, to celebrate the victory of

Narses Narses (also spelled Nerses; ; ; ; c. 478–573) was a distinguished Byzantine general and statesman of Armenian heritage, renowned for his critical role in Emperor Justinian I’s military campaigns. Alongside the famed Belisarius, Narses was ...

over the

Ostrogoth The Ostrogoths () were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Goths, Gothic kingdoms within the Western Roman Empire, drawing upon the large Gothic populatio ...

s at the

Battle of Taginae At the Battle of Taginae (also known as the Battle of Busta Gallorum) in June/July 552, the forces of the Byzantine Empire under Narses broke the power of the Ostrogoths in Italy, and paved the way for the temporary Byzantine reconquest of the It ...

in 552. General Narses contributed to the construction of the building. It was dedicated around 570 by

Pope John III Pope John III (; died 13 July 574), born Catelinus, was the bishop of Rome from 17 July 561 to his death on 13 July 574. Family Catelinus was born in Rome to a distinguished family. His father, Anastasius, was a ''vir illustris'', a high-ranki ...

to St. James and Saint Philip the Apostle. Santi Apostoli was ruined by the earthquake of 1348, and left abandoned. In 1417,

Pope Martin V Pope Martin V (; ; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Oddone Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the We ...

, whose

Colonna family The House of Colonna is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It played a pivotal role in Middle Ages, medieval and Roman Renaissance, Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Pope Martin V, Martin V), 23 cardinals and many ot ...

owned the adjacent

Palazzo Colonna The Palazzo Colonna () is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli. It is built in part over the ruins of an old Roman serapeum, and it has belonged to ...

, restored the church. The Franciscans took charge of the church in 1463. A more extensive restoration was undertaken by

Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV (or Xystus IV, ; born Francesco della Rovere; (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 until his death in 1484. His accomplishments as pope included ...

and his nephew,

Giuliano della Rovere Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, the Battle Pope or the Fearsome ...

, from 1471 to 1484. The inscriptions found in SS. XII Apostoli, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.

Architecture

The 15th century portico that precedes the present facade is by

Baccio Pontelli Baccio Pontelli (c. 1449 – c. 1494) was an Italian architect and worker in wood inlays, who designed the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. Baccio is an abbreviation of Bartolomeo. Pontelli was born in Florence; in 1459 his father declared he was ...

. In 1665,

Carlo Rainaldi Carlo Rainaldi (4 May 1611 – 8 February 1691) was an Italian architect of the Baroque period. Biography Born in Rome, Rainaldi was one of the leading architects of 17th-century Rome, known for a certain grandeur in his designs. He worked at f ...

walled up the arches in the upper level and installed statues on the parapet. The church was later restored again, with the facade completed by

Giuseppe Valadier Giuseppe Valadier (April 14, 1762 – February 1, 1839) was an Italian architect and designer, urban planner and archaeologist and a chief exponent of Neoclassicism in Italy. A teacher of architecture at the Accademia di San Luca, Valadier was a ...

in 1827."The Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
/ref> On the wall of the portico on the right side, is an antique bas-relief of an eagle surrounded by an oak crown that it holds in its talons. Opposite is the monument of the Venetian engraver Giovanni Volpato sculpted and erected by his friend and countryman

Antonio Canova Antonio Canova (; 1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822) was an Italians, Italian Neoclassical sculpture, Neoclassical sculptor, famous for his marble sculptures. Often regarded as the greatest of the Neoclassical artists,. his sculpture was ins ...

. It consists of a large bas-relief, representing ''"Friendship in Mourning"'' in the form of a woman weeping before the bust of the deceased Volpato.

Interior

Around 1700, Pope

Clement XI Pope Clement XI (; ; ; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI was a patron of the arts an ...

instigated dramatic renovations of the church. A new Baroque interior was designed by

Carlo Fontana Carlo Fontana (1634/1638–1714) was an Italian people, Italian"Carlo Fontana."
''Encyclopæ ...

and completed in 1714. The fresco on the vaulted ceiling is the ''Triumph of Franciscan Order'' by Baciccio. Above the sanctuary is a fresco from 1709 by Giovanni Odazzi, representing the "Fall of Lucifer and his Angels". There are also later frescoes of the ''Evangelists'' by Luigi Fontana in the apse. The main altar had a baldacchino with four porphyry columns. The altarpiece is by Domenico Maria Muratori and depicts the ''Martyrdoms of the Apostles Philip and James the Less''. To the right of the high altar are the tombs of Count Giraud de Caprières (died 1505) and Cardinal

Raffaele Riario Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (3 May 1461 – 9 July 1521) was an Italian cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the person who invited Michelangelo to Rome. He was a patron of the ...

(died 1521), tentatively attributed to Michelangelo. To the left is a monument to Cardinal

Pietro Riario Pietro Riario (1445 – 3 January 1474) was an Italian cardinal (Catholic), cardinal and Papal diplomat. Biography Born in Savona, he was the son of Paolo Riario and Pope Sixtus IVs' sister, Bianca Della Rovere. Sixtus nominated him bishop of T ...

, nephew of

, by the school of Andrea Bregno and possible designed by Andrea Bregno himself. There is also a Madonna by

Mino da Fiesole Mino da Fiesole (c. 1429 – July 11, 1484), also known as Mino di Giovanni, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Poppi, Tuscany. He is noted for his portrait busts. Career Mino's work was influenced by his master Desiderio da Settignano and ...

. Next to a pier of the nave on the right-hand side, near the first chapel, is enshrined the heart of Maria Klementyna Sobieska, wife of the Old Pretender,

James Francis Edward Stuart James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 16881 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs (British political party), Whigs or the King over the Water by Jacobitism, Jacobites, was the House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of Ki ...

. Her tomb is in

St Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (; ), is a church of the Italian Renaissance architecture, Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the cit ...

. Her monument is by

Filippo della Valle Filippo della Valle (26 December 1698 – 29 April 1768) was an Italian late-Baroque or early Neoclassic sculptor, active mostly in Rome. Biography Della Valle was born in Florence. Initially apprenticed with Giovanni Battista Foggini in ...

. Her husband used to pray here every morning; it was his parish church when he lived at the nearby Palazzo Muti. Franc XII Apostoli fc03

The confessio was constructed in 1871. During its construction, the relics of St James and

St Philip Philip the Apostle (; Aramaic: ܦܝܠܝܦܘܣ; , ''Philippos'') was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Asia-Minor. In ...

, which were taken from the catacombs in the 9th century to protect them from invaders, were rediscovered under the high altar. The wall paintings are reproductions of ancient catacomb paintings. An inscription explains that

Pope Stephen IV Pope Stephen IV (; died 24 January 817) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from June 816 to his death on 24 January 817.

walked barefoot in 886 from the catacombs to the church carrying the relics on his shoulders.

Frescoes of Melozzo da Forlì

About 1472,

Melozzo da Forlì Melozzo da Forlì ( – 8 November 1494) was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect. His fresco paintings are notable for the use of foreshortening. He was the most important member of the Forlì painting school. Biography Melozzo was s ...

was commissioned by Cardinal Pietro Riario to paint the vault of the apse, his subject being the ''Ascension of Christ''. It is one of the earliest known examples of perspective applied to the human figure on roof or ceiling decoration. According to

Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance painter, architect, art historian, and biographer who is best known for his work ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'', considered the ideol ...

, "the figure of Christ is so admirably foreshortened as to appear to pierce the vault; and in the same manner the angels are seen sweeping through the field of air in two opposite directions." This fresco was taken down in 1711 when Clement IX enlarged the choir. The figure of Christ is now in the

Quirinal Palace The Quirinal Palace ( ) is a historic building in Rome, Italy, the main official residence of the President of Italy, President of the Italian Republic, together with Villa Rosebery in Naples and the Tenuta di Castelporziano, an estate on the outs ...

. Some of the other portions, which influenced Raphael, are in the sacristy of St Peter's. A hall in the Vatican Museums, holds designs of angels and apostles by Melozzo, taken from the same fresco.

Chapels

The twelve side chapels were reduced in number during the renovations of Clement IX. * The first chapel on the left is dedicated to

Our Lady of Sorrows Our Lady of Sorrows (), Our Lady of Dolours, the Sorrowful Mother or Mother of Sorrows (), and Our Lady of Piety, Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows or Our Lady of the Seven Dolours are Titles of Mary, names by which Mary, mother of Jesus, is referr ...

. * The second chapel was dedicated to St.

Joseph of Cupertino Joseph of Cupertino (Copertino), OFM Conv. (; 17 June 1603 – 18 September 1663) was an Italian Conventual Franciscan friar who is honored as a Christian mystic and saint. According to traditional Franciscan accounts, he was "remarkably uncle ...

. The altarpiece from 1777 is by Giuseppe Cades. The two columns of verde antico, green marble, are reputed to be the largest known in that type of stone. * The third chapel of the left is dedicated to St.

Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone ( 1181 – 3 October 1226), known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italians, Italian Mysticism, mystic, poet and Friar, Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans. Inspired to lead a Chris ...

, containing ''The Ecstasy of St Francis'' by

Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari (10 March 1654 – 8 September 1727), also known as simply Giuseppe Chiari, was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active mostly in Rome. Biography Born in Rome, he was one of the main assistants, along wi ...

(1769–1774) is buried at the end of the left side aisle, near the door of the sacristy. His Neo-Classical tomb is by

, made in 1783-1787. Besides the statue of that Pope, there are two uncommonly fine figures of ''"Temperance"'' and ''"Clemency"''. This was the first major work Canova did in Rome. * The first chapel on the right-hand side of the nave is dedicated to St Bonaventure. The altarpiece is by Niccolò Lapiccola. It also contains Antoniazzo Romano's ''Madonna'', moved from the Bessarion chapel. * The second chapel on the right is dedicated to the

Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception is the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception. It is one of the four Mariology, Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Debated by medieval theologians, it was not def ...

; the altarpiece is by Corrado Giaquinto. * The third chapel of the left is dedicated to St.

Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua, Order of Friars Minor, OFM, (; ; ) or Anthony of Lisbon (; ; ; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor. ...

; the altarpiece (1723) is by

Benedetto Luti Benedetto Luti (17 November 1666 – 17 June 1724) was an Italian Baroque painter, draftsman, and pastelist. Early life Luti was born in Florence on 17 November 1666. He trained under Anton Domenico Gabbiani before moving to Rome in 1690. Career ...

. It is the chapel of the Odescalchi, whose palazzo was nearby. * Behind the Odescalchi chapel is the funerary chapel of

Cardinal Bessarion Bessarion (; 2 January 1403 – 18 November 1472) was a Byzantine Greek Renaissance humanist, theologian, Catholic cardinal and one of the famed Greek scholars who contributed to the revival of letters in the 15th century. He was educated ...

Antoniazzo Romano Antonio di Benedetto Aquilo degli Aquili (c. 1430 – c. 1510), known as Antoniazzo Romano, was an Italian Early Renaissance painter, the leading figure of the Roman school during the latter part of the 15th century. He "made a speciality of ...

completed the decoration in 1467. It contained a 15th-century Madonna donated by Bessarion, now relocated to the Chapel of St. Bonaventure. * The Chapel of the Crucifixion is to the right of the main altar. Designed as a small basilica, it has a nave and two aisles. The 8 columns are from the 6th-century church. File:Basilica dei Santi Apostoli.JPG, Basilica dei Santi Apostoli File:Antonio canova, monumento a giovanni volpato, 1807, 01.jpg, Volpato monument by Canova (portico) File:Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli 06.jpg, Tomb of Pope Clement XIV by Antonio Canova File:Ss. apostoli, int., antoniazzo romano, madonna col bambino, xv sec.JPG, Madonna of Constantinople, Antoniazzo Romano

Burials

(1403–1472) *

Prospero Colonna (cardinal) Prospero Colonna (c. 1410–1463) was a cardinal-nephew of Pope Martin V (Odo Colonna), whose election ended the Western Schism. Colonna was excommunicated for a period due to his rebellion against Martin V's successor, Pope Eugene IV, becoming one ...

(died 1463) *

(died 1521) *

(1769–1774) * Count Giraud de Caprières (died 1505) * Cardinal

(died 1474) For a short time, the basilica housed the tomb of

Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6March 147518February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspir ...

, before its transportation to the

Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze The (Italian for 'Basilica of the Holy Cross') is a minor basilica and the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres southeast of the Duomo, on what was once marshland beyond ...

. Upon the death of

in 1766, his body lay in state here before he was buried with his wife at

St. Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (; ), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initiall ...

."Santi Apostoli", Churches of Rome
/ref>

List of Cardinal-priests since 1059

List of the cardinal titulars of the church * Bernardus (attested in 1059) * Gregorius (by 1102 - 1112) went into schism against

Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II (; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was creat ...

. * Hugo (Ugone d'Alatri) (by 1116 - after 10 November 1121) * Gregorius (restored) (by 6 April 1123 - 1138) He followed Anacletus II in the schism of 1130. * Ildebrandus (1156 - 1178)Angelo Fumagalli, ''Delle Istituzioni Diplomatiche'' (Milano: Al Genio Tipografico 1802), p. 140. * Pandulfus de Masca (1182 - 1201) * Stephanus de Ceccano, O.Cist. (1213 - 1227) * Guillaume de Talliante O.S.B. (1244 - 1250) * Annibale Annibaldi de Molaria O.P. (1262 - 1272) * Gerardo Bianchi O.Cist. (March 1278 - 1281) * Imbertus de Puteo (Dupuis) (18 December 1327 - 26 May 1348) * Pectin de Montesquieu (17 December 1350 – 1 February 1355) * Pierre de la Forêt (23 December 1356 – 7 June 1361) * Bernard du Bosquet (22 September 1368 – 19 April 1371) * Robert de Genève (30 May 1371 – 20 September 1378) *

Jan Očko of Vlašim Jan Očko of Vlašim (; Jan VIII as the Bishop of Olomouc) (? – died 1380), from the family of the House of Vlašim, was the second Archbishop of Prague (1364–1378). He was the uncle to his successor Jan of Jenštejn. Biography Early lif ...

(18 September 1378 – 14 January 1380) * Pietro Filargis (12 June 1405 – 26 June 1409) *

Basilios Bessarion Bessarion (; 2 January 1403 – 18 November 1472) was a Byzantine Greeks, Byzantine Greek Renaissance humanist, theologian, Catholic Church, Catholic Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal and one of the famed Greek scholars who contributed ...

(8 January 1440 – 18 November 1472) * Clemente Grosso della Rovere (6 December 1503 – 18 August 1504) * Leonardo Grosso della Rovere (17 December 1505 – 15 September 1508) * Francesco Soderini (15 September 1508 – 29 October 1511) * Pompeo Colonna (13 November 1517 – 28 June 1532) * Alonso Manrique de Lara (12 July 1532 – 28 September 1538) * Pedro Sarmiento (15 November 1538 – 13 October 1541) * Miguel da Silva (6 February 1542 – 5 October 1543) * Durante Duranti (9 January 1545 – 24 December 1557) * Markus Sitticus von Hohenems Altemps (10 March 1561 – 15 May 1565) *

Marcantonio Colonna Marcantonio II Colonna (sometimes spelled Marc'Antonio; 1535 – August 1, 1584), Duke of Tagliacozzo and Duke and Prince of Paliano, was an Italian aristocrat who served as Viceroy of Sicily in the service of the Spanish Crown, general of ...

(15 May 1565 – 5 December 1580) * Rodrigo de Castro Osorio (20 May 1585 – 18 September 1600) * François de Sourdis (20 December 1600 – 30 January 1606) * Domenico Ginnasi (30 January 1606 – 16 September 1624) * Desiderio Scaglia(9 February 1626 – 6 October 1627) * Francesco Maria Brancaccio (9 January 1634 – 2 July 1663) * Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (15 March 1666 – 1 December 1681) *

Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria (10 April 1612, Lauria – 30 November 1693, Rome) was an Italian cardinal and theologian. Life and career At the age of seventeen di Lauria was struck with a dangerous illness, and he made a vow that i ...

(1 December 1681 – 30 November 1693) * Giorgio Cornaro (7 April 1698 – 10 August 1722) * Benedetto Erba Odescalchi (29 January 1725 – 13 December 1740) *

Domenico Riviera Domenico is an Italian language, Italian given name for males and may refer to: People * Domenico Alfani, Italian painter * Domenico Allegri, Italian composer * Domenico Alvaro, Italian mobster * Domenico Ambrogi, Italian painter * Domenico Auri ...

(2 January 1741 – 2 November 1752) *

(18 December 1752 – 13 July 1761) *

(29 March 1762 – 19 May 1769) * Francisco de Solís Folch de Cardona (26 June 1769 – 21 March 1775) * Giovanni Archinto (15 July 1776 – 1 June 1795) * Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana (24 July 1797 – 17 April 1804) * Dionisio Bardaxí y Azara (29 April 1816 – 27 September 1822) * Carlo Odescalchi (16 May 1823 – 15 April 1833) * Francesco Serra Casano (29 July 1833 – 17 August 1850) *

Antonio Francesco Orioli Antonio Francesco Orioli O.F.M.Conv. (10 December 1778 in Bagnacavallo, Faenza in Italy – 20 February 1852 in Rome) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. Biography Orioli joined the Order of the Friars Minor Conventuals (a branch of the Fr ...

(30 September 1850 – 20 February 1852) * Giusto Recanati (10 March 1853 – 17 November 1861) * Antonio Maria Panebianco (23 December 1861 – 21 November 1885) * José Sebastião de Almeida Neto (10 June 1886 – 7 December 1920) * Pietro La Fontaine (7 March 1921 – 9 July 1935) * Ignatius Gabriel I Tappuni (19 December 1935 – 11 February 1965) * Francesco Roberti (26 June 1967 – 16 July 1977) *

Agostino Casaroli Agostino Casaroli (24 November 1914 – 9 June 1998) was an Italian Catholic priest and diplomat for the Holy See, who became Cardinal Secretary of State. He was an important figure behind the Vatican's efforts to deal with the religious persec ...

(30 June 1979 – 25 May 1985) *

Giovanni Battista Re Giovanni Battista Re (born 30 January 1934) is an Catholic Church in Italy, Italian Catholic prelate who has served as Dean of the College of Cardinals since 2020. He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal in 2001 and s ...

(21 February 2001 – 1 October 2002) *

(21 October 2003 – incumbent)

References

Bibliography

* Giovanni Antonio Bonelli, ''Memorie storiche della Basilica costantiniana dei SS. XII.: Apostoli di Roma e dei nuovi suoi ristauri'' (Roma: Tipi del Salviucci, 1879). * Rezio Buscaroli, ''Melozzo da Forlì nei documenti'' (Roma: Reale accademia l'Italia, 1938). * Emma Zocca, ''La basilica dei S.S. Apostoli in Roma'' (Roma: F. Canella, 1959). * Nicholas Clark, ''Melozzo da Forlì: pictor papalis'' (London: Sotheby's Publications 1990). * L. Finocchi Ghersi, ''La Basilica dei Santi Apostoli a Roma tra il XV e il XIX secolo'' (Roma: La Sapienza 1990) issertation* Isabelle Jennifer Frank, ''Melozzo Da Forli and the Rome of Pope Sixtus IV: (1471 - 84)'' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1991). * L. Finocchi Ghersi, "Francesco Fontana e la basilica dei Santi Apostoli a Roma," ''Storia dell'Arte'' no. 73 (1991), pp. 332–60. * Lorenzo Finocchi Ghersi, ''La basilica dei SS. Apostoli a Roma: storia, arte e architettura'' (Roma: Artemide, 2011).

External links

Santi Apostoli
in Mariano Armellini, ''Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX''. * {{Authority control Apostoli, Santi XII Apostoli, Santi XII 6th-century churches Burial places of popes Apostoli Tombs of apostles