Sant' Andrea degli Scozzesi (English: St Andrew of the Scots) is a 17th century former

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

church in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, near

Piazza Barberini Piazza Barberini is a large piazza in the ''centro storico'' or city center of Rome, Italy and situated on the Quirinal Hill. It was created in the 16th century but many of the surrounding buildings have subsequently been rebuilt. History The s ...

on Via delle Quattro Fontane. Once a haven for Scottish Catholics in Rome and chapel of the Pontifical Scots College, it was deconsecrated in 2004 and still stands.

History

The Scottish National Church had been Sant'Andrea delle Fratte until the

Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...

, when in 1585

Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V (; 13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Piergentile, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 1585 to his death, in August 1590. As a youth, he joined the Franciscan order, where h ...

assigned it to the Minim friars of Saint

Francis of Paola Francis of Paola, O.M. (also known as Francis the Fire Handler; 27 March 1416 – 2 April 1507), was a Roman Catholic friar from the town of Paola in Calabria who founded the Order of Minims. Like his patron saint (Francis of Assisi), but unlike ...

. In around 1592

Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII (; ; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born in Fano, Papal States to a prominen ...

purchased the palace of Florentine Cosmo in order to build the church of ''S.Andrea e S.Margherita regina''. In addition, the Pope founded a college and hospice constructed for the Scottish expatriate community in Rome fleeing religious persecution, especially for those intended for priesthood. In 1604, these institutions were relocated to the ''Via Felice'' (now the ''Via delle Quattro Fontane''). In 1615,

Pope Paul V Pope Paul V (; ) (17 September 1552 – 28 January 1621), born Camillo Borghese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 16 May 1605 to his death, in January 1621. In 1611, he honored Galileo Galilei as a mem ...

gave the hospice and the Scots College to the

Jesuits The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

. The rebuilding of the church itself was completed by 1646, aside from decoration, and formally dedicated to

Saint Andrew Andrew the Apostle ( ; ; ; ) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus. The title First-Called () used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of Jo ...

alone. One side altar was dedicated to Saint Margaret."The Pontifical Scots College Rome", Scottish Catholic Archives
/ref> At the

Suppression of the Society of Jesus The suppression of the Society of Jesus was the removal of all members of the Jesuits from most of Western Europe and their respective colonies beginning in 1759 along with the abolition of the order by the Holy See in 1773; the papacy acceded ...

in 1773, the church came under the administration of the Italian

secular clergy In Christianity, the term secular clergy refers to deacons and priests who are not monastics or otherwise members of religious life. Secular priests (sometimes known as diocesan priests) are priests who commit themselves to a certain geograph ...

and was closed during the French occupation of Rome in the late 18th century. In 1820, activity resumed at the college, but under the charge of Scottish secular clergy. During the absence of the Scots the church had become occupied by a Roman confraternity who refused to leave. The confraternity finally vacated the church building in September 1847 upon petition by the college to

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX (; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in hist ...

. The church was formally reopened following renovations on

Saint Andrew's Day Saint Andrew's Day, also called the Feast of Saint Andrew or Andermas, is the feast day of Andrew the Apostle. It is celebrated on 30 November, during Scotland's Winter Festival. Saint Andrew is the disciple in the New Testament who introduc ...

1847 with High Mass being sung by

John Henry Newman John Henry Newman (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an English Catholic theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet. He was previously an Anglican priest and after his conversion became a cardinal. He was an ...

, a future saint. The adjacent college was reconstructed in 1869 by Luigi Poletti. In 1959

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was al ...

visited the church. The college was abandoned in 1962 for more suitable premises and was incorporated into a bank ( Cassa di Risparmio delle Province Lombarde), and later by a law firm. A ''proviso'' was made that the church would remain accessible to staff and students of the Scots College. The church was formally deconsecrated by decree of the

Cardinal Vicar of Rome Cardinal vicar () is a title commonly given to the vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the diocese within Italy (i.e. excluding the portion within Vatican City). The official title, as given in the ''Annuario Pontificio'', is ...

on 1 June 2004.

Interior

The simple two-storied

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

façade is only decorated with the cross and two fishes of

, the patron saint of

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

, and the inscription ''Sancto Andreae Apostolo Scotorum Patrono'' (To St Andrew, Apostle ndPatron of the Scots). The façade of the adjacent former Scottish Seminary is still decorated with the coat of arms and motto of the country in addition to busts of notable Scottish Catholics. The church is aisleless with two side chapels and barrel-vaulted ceiling. On the right wall immediately inside the main entrance is a white marble monument to John Stewart, only son of Sir James Stewart, Bt., (called "Earl of Bute") by his second wife Christian Dundas. In the centre of the ceiling is a 16th-century fresco of ''St Andrew in Glory'' by

Guillaume Courtois Guillaume Courtois () or italianized as Guglielmo Cortese, called Il Borgognone or Le Bourguignon ('the Burgundian'), (1628 – 14 or 15 June 1679 Gavin Hamilton Gavin Hamilton may refer to: * Gavin Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews) (died 1571), archbishop of St Andrews * Gavin Hamilton (bishop of Galloway) (1561–1612), bishop of Galloway * Gavin Hamilton (artist) (1723–1798), Scottish artist * Ga ...

, and depicted the ''Martyrdom of St Andrew''."Uno scozzese a Roma", Associazione culturale bellaroma
/ref> On both sides of the sanctuary there are hinged grates covering openings into tribunes where members of the exiled royal family would sit when they attended Mass. There was also an ''Enthroned Madonna with Sts Columba and Ninian'' by Alexander Maximilian Seitz. The interior of the church was left intact from 1962 until 2004 when the removable art works from the church were taken to the new Scots college on the Via Cassia.

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant'Andrea Degli Scozzesi Roman Catholic churches completed in 1592

Andrea Andrea is a given name which is common worldwide for both males and females, cognate to Andreas, Andrej and Andrew. Origin of the name The name derives from the Greek word ἀνήρ (''anēr''), genitive ἀνδρός (''andrós''), that re ...

Religious organizations established in the 1590s

Catholic organizations established in the 16th century 16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy Andrea degli Scozzesi Andrea degli Scozzesi Scots College, Rome

History

Interior

See also

References

External links