The Sans Arc or Itázipčho are one of the seven subdivision of the

Lakota people The Lakota (; or ) are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people. Also known as the Teton Sioux (from ), they are one of the three prominent subcultures of the Sioux people, with the Eastern Dakota (Santee) and Western D ...

. They primarily live in the

Cheyenne River Indian Reservation The Cheyenne River Indian Reservation was created by the United States in 1889 by breaking up the Great Sioux Reservation, following the attrition of the Lakota people, Lakota in a series of wars in the 1870s. The reservation covers almost ...

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

Name

''Itázipčho'' is also written ''Itazipcola'' or ''Hazipco'' and is a

Lakota Lakota may refer to: *Lakota people, a confederation of seven related Native American tribes *Lakota language Lakota ( ), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan languages, Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of ...

term translating as "those who hunt without bows." ''Sans Arc'' is the French translation, meaning "without bows". The translator of '' Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer'' renders the name as Arrows all Gone. One of the many etymologies of the Lakota name tells the following story: The true meaning of ''Itazipacola'' is "no markings". This referred to the fact that the ''Itazipco'' were so generous they did not mark their arrows (they were usually marked so that braves could claim the

bison A bison (: bison) is a large bovine in the genus ''Bison'' (from Greek, meaning 'wild ox') within the tribe Bovini. Two extant taxon, extant and numerous extinction, extinct species are recognised. Of the two surviving species, the American ...

they killed, etc.), that way everyone could share the meat of the hunt. This is why when the Creator wanted to give the pipe to the ''Lakota'', the White Buffalo Woman ''Wopi'' brought it to the ''Itazipco'', because they would always be willing to share it.

Historic Itázipčho thiyóšpaye or bands

Together with the Minneconjou (''Mnikȟówožu'', ''Hokwoju'' - ‘Plants by the Water’) and

Two Kettles The Two Kettles or Two Boilings are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota, make up the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). They reside on the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation. Together with the Itaz ...

(''Oóhe Núŋpa'', ''Oóhenuŋpa'', ''Oohenonpa'' - ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as Central Lakota and divided into several bands or ''thiyóšpaye'': * Itazipco-hca (‘Real Itazipco’) * Mini sala or Minishala (‘Red Water’) * Sina luta oin or Shinalutaoin (‘Red Cloth Earring’) * Woluta yuta (‘Eat dried venison from the hindquarter’, ‘Ham Eaters’) * Maza pegnaka (‘Wear Metal Hair Ornament’) * Tatanka Cesli or Tatankachesli (‘Dung of a buffalo bull’) * Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’) * Tiyopa Canupa or Tiyopaoshanunpa (‘Smokes at the Entrance’)

Notable Sans Arcs

* Black Hawk * Hump Nose, a chief present at the Custer fight.Marquis, p. 211.

Notes

References

Thomas B. Marquis Thomas Bailey Marquis (December 19, 1869 – March 22, 1935) was an American self-taught historian and ethnographer who wrote about the Plains Indians and other subjects of the American frontier. He had a special interest in the destruction of Geo ...

(interpreter), ''Wooden Leg: a warrior who fought Custer'' (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), p. 180. {{SouthDakota-geo-stub