sangmin

''Sangmin'' (), short for ''p'yŏngsangjimin'' (), is a Korean-language term for commoners of the Joseon period (1392–1897).

Synonyms for the term include ''sŏin'' (), ''sangin'' (), ''yangmin'' (), ''p'yŏngmin'' (), and ''p'yŏngin'' (). ''Sangmin'' was also sometimes used to describe innocent people, in contrast to criminals.

History

The term ''sangmin'' was used as an informal or legal designation depending on the time period. It refers to everyone who is not of noble background. In the latter half of the 17th century, a two-class system called ''yangch'ŏnje'' () was enacted, and ''sangmin'' made the lower class. However, ''sangmin'' were still de facto divided into various subgroups.

''Sangmin'' were systemically disadvantaged. While they were technically supposed to receive equal access to education and the taking of the '' gwageo'' (civil service examinations), the nobility used their influence to place restrictions on such access.

There was a range in economic conditions for ''sangmin''; it was reportedly sometimes difficult to distinguish between a well-off ''sangmin'' and a nobleperson. Money allowed for the purchase of clothing that signaled high social status.

See also

* Yangban
* Chungin
* Cheonmin
* Baekjeong
* Nobi

References

Korean caste system
Social classes
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