Sandi, Uttar Pradesh
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Sandi is a town and a nagar palika parishad in Bilgram tehsil of
Hardoi district Hardoi district is a district situated in the center of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is in the city of Hardoi. Hardoi is the third largest district of Uttar Pradesh. It falls under Lucknow division in the historical region ...
,
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in In ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. It is located on the left bank of the Garra river, on the road from Hardoi to
Fatehgarh Fatehgarh is a cantonment town in Farrukhabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located on the south bank of the Ganges River, it is the administrative headquarters of Farrukhabad District. Fatehgarh derives its name from an o ...
. As of 2011, its population is 26,007, in 4,396 households.


Geography

Sandi is located at . It has an average elevation of 175 metres (439 feet).


History

The name "Sandi" is said to be derived from the name Santan Dih or Santan Khera, which it received after Raja Santan Singh, a Somvanshi king said to have ruled here until 1398, when he was defeated by Muslim conquerors and fled to Kumaon. His fort, whose ruins still exist to the south of the modern town, had a deep
moat A moat is a deep, broad ditch dug around a castle, fortification, building, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. Moats can be dry or filled with water. In some places, moats evolved into more extensive water d ...
, and the besieging Muslim army had little success until they dug a channel from the moat to the Garra. The Muslims at first built a town southeast of Santan Khera, called Fatehpur Islamabad, but 22 years later it was abandoned due to disease and the site of Santan Khera was reoccupied. It was officially renamed Ashrafabad, but the name never caught on and instead it was called Santan Dih or Sandi. Around the turn of the 20th century, the main
mahalla is an Arabic word variously translated as district, Quarter (country subdivision), quarter, Ward (country subdivision), ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. ...
s were Saiyidwara, Salamullahganj, Munshiganj, Khalisa, Auladganj, Nawabganj, and Uncha Tila. Uncha Tila was the site of an earthwork fortification built by Shuja-ud-Daula in the 1700s, a factory built by Europeans later on, and a chaukidar's fort. Uncha Tila was the site of the
tehsil A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a Zila (country subdivision), district including the designated populated place that ser ...
headquarters when Sandi was originally selected as a tehsil by the British, although it was later moved to Bilgram. Nawabganj was the site of the main
bazaar A bazaar or souk is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, Central Asia, North Africa and South Asia. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets th ...
in Sandi; smaller ones were held at Khalisa, Auladganj, Munshiganj, and Salamullahganj. The population of Sandi declined somewhat in the late 1800s, from 11,123 people in 1872 to 9,072 in 1901.


Demographics

As of the
2001 Census of India The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. The total population increased b ...
, Sandi had a population of 12.607. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sandi has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 71%. In Sandi, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. As of 2011, the population of Sandi is 26,007, in 4,396 households. Of this, 3,815 (%) is age 0-6. Its sex ratio is 905 females to 1000 males. Among the 0-6 age group, the ratio is 949. The overall literacy rate is 67.65%, including 73.63% among males and 60.97% among females.


Economy

As of 1971, the economy of Sandi was described as a mix of primary activities along with commercial and industrial sectors, with primary activities being the largest category. The main items imported were
coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal i ...
,
kerosene Kerosene, or paraffin, is a combustibility, combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in Aviation fuel, aviation as well as households. Its name derives from the Greek (''kērós'') meaning " ...
oil, and
cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...
. The main items manufactured were
groundnut oil Peanut oil, also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil, is a vegetable oil derived from peanuts. The oil usually has a mild or neutral flavor but, if made with roasted peanuts, has a stronger peanut flavor and aroma. It is often used in Americ ...
,
mustard oil Mustard oil can mean either the pressed oil used for cooking or a pungent essential oil, also known as volatile oil, of the mustard plant. The essential oil results from grinding mustard seed, mixing the grounds with water, and isolating the resu ...
, and power threshers. The biggest exports were
grains A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit ( caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and le ...
,
potato The potato () is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground stem tubers of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'', a perennial in the nightshade famil ...
es, and groundnut oil.


Sandi Bird Sanctuary

Sandi Bird Sanctuary is located at a distance of 19 km on Hardoi-Sandi Road in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh. Sandi Bird Sanctuary is 1 km. from Sandi town on Main Road, Nawabganj, near Sandi Police Station Sandi (Hardoi). Sandi Bird sanctuary was developed in the year 1990 in view to protect the natural habitats and aquatic vegetation for the local residents and migratory birds. The Sandi Bird sanctuary is also known by its ancient name as "Dahar Jheel" (Jheel = Lake). The lake is spread over 3.0854 km2 area. River Garra earlier named as Garun Ganga also located near the sanctuary. Migratory birds rest for sometime in the river front before reaching to Sandi Bird sanctuary. The migratory birds start coming at the beginning of winter in the month of November. As a tourist destination, Sandi is a paradise for bird lovers and is an ideal place for those who want to explore nature. The best time to visit the sanctuary is from December to February. The nearest railway station is at Hardoi (19 km). From several years the lake was about to dry but after many efforts the lake get its breath again


Villages

Sandi CD block has the following 120 villages:


References

{{Hardoi district Cities and towns in Hardoi district