San Pasqual, the

Kumeyaay The Kumeyaay, also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by the historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the Uni ...

pueblo Pueblo refers to the settlements of the Pueblo peoples, Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlement ...

, in

San Diego County, California San Diego County (), officially the County of San Diego, is a county (United States), county in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of California, north to its Mexico-United States border, border with Mexico. As of the 2020 United States Cen ...

, that was once located in the

San Pasqual Valley San Pasqual Valley, historically spelled as San Pascual ( Spanish for " Saint Paschal"), is the northernmost community of San Diego, California, United States. It is named for the Kumeyaay village of San Pasqual that was once located there. It ...

and for which the valley is named. In

pre-Hispanic In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European c ...

times the Kumeyaay had lived for centuries in the San Pasqual Valley. Following the closing of the missions by the Mexican government in 1833, the Kumeyaay moved back to their San Pasqual Valley and the Kumeyaay pueblo of San Pasqual was established on November 16, 1835.San Pasqual, The Kumeyaay Indians History
from sanpasqualtribe.com accessed December 22, 2013] The village of San Pasqual was a stop on the road between

San Diego San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

and

Sonora Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into Municipalities of Sonora, 72 ...

from the late 1820s. The road ran from San Diego to

Rancho Santa Maria de Los Peñasquitos Rancho Santa Maria de Los Peñasquitos was a Mexican land grant in present-day southwestern San Diego County, California, given in 1823 to Francisco María Ruiz. The name means "Saint Mary of the Little Cliffs". It encompassed the present-day ...

then 16 miles to the village, then turned south and up to the ridge line bordering the south side of the valley, then eastward into the Santa Maria Valley (through what became Rancho Valle de Pamo, and later modern

Ramona ''Ramona'' is an 1884 American novel written by Helen Hunt Jackson. Set in Southern California after the Mexican–American War and annexation of the territory by the United States, ''Ramona'' explores the life of a mixed-race Scottish– Native ...

) and on to Santa Ysabel for a distance of 18 miles. The road went on to San Jose Valley, Vallecito, across the

Colorado Desert The Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert located in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico. It encompasses approximately , including the heavily irrigated Coachella, Imperial and Mexicali valleys. It is home to ...

, to cross the

Colorado River The Colorado River () is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. The river, the List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem), 5th longest in the United St ...

into Sonora. From the time of the

California Gold Rush The California gold rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the U ...

San Pasqual became a stop on the main road for wagon and stagecoach traffic following the American

Conquest of California The Conquest of California, also known as the Conquest of Alta California or the California Campaign, was a military campaign during the Mexican–American War carried out by the United States in Alta California (modern-day California), then part ...

. STEPHEN R. VAN WORMER and SUSAN D. WALTER, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT OF OLD SURVEY ROAD 97, Walter Enterprises, Chula Vista, CA, 2010, pp. 1-5, 19
/ref> The Kumeyaay of San Passqual were evicted from their land and homes in 1878 by San Diego County authorities. They have become known as the San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians The only remnant of the village is the small graveyard east of the San Diego Acheological Center on the north side of State Highway 78.

References

{{authority control 1835 establishments in Alta California History of San Diego County, California History of San Diego Kumeyaay San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line Stagecoach stops in the United States Former populated places in California Former Native American populated places in California Kumeyaay populated places