San Carlos, Pangasinan
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San Carlos, officially the City of San Carlos (; ; ), is a
component city A city ( or ) is one of the units of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities (Filipino: ), whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific municipal charters in a ...
in the
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
of
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (, ; ; ), is a coastal Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen, Pangasinan, Lingayen while San Carlos, Pangasi ...
,
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 205,424 people. It is the most populated city in Pangasinan and the entire
Ilocos Region The Ilocos Region (; ; ), designated as Region I, is an Region of the Philippines, administrative region of the Philippines. Located in the northwestern section of Luzon, it is bordered by the Cordillera Administrative Region to the east, the Ca ...
.


Etymology

San Carlos, formerly known as ''Binalatongan'', experienced significant historical events that influenced its name change. In 1660, a revolt led by Andres Malong, and later another insurrection in 1762 headed by Juan dela Cruz Palaris, culminated in humiliating defeats for the Spanish colonial forces. These uprisings prompted King Carlos III of Spain to order the destruction of ''Binalatongan''. Following this directive, the town was razed and subsequently renamed San Carlos, which remains to be its name today. The renaming served both as a punitive measure and as a means to establish a new order in the aftermath of the rebellions.


History


Spanish colonial era


Origins

San Carlos, originally known as ''Binalatongan'', was inhabited by the San Carlenians. They spoke Cabuloan, the original
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (, ; ; ), is a coastal Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen, Pangasinan, Lingayen while San Carlos, Pangasi ...
dialect. The San Carlenians were known for their staunch adherence to their beliefs and practices, leading to frequent conflicts with the
Augustinian friars The Order of Saint Augustine (), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine ...
. These clashes ultimately forced the Augustinians to abandon the area. However, the
Dominicans Dominicans () also known as Quisqueyans () are an ethnic group, ethno-nationality, national people, a people of shared ancestry and culture, who have ancestral roots in the Dominican Republic. The Dominican ethnic group was born out of a fusio ...
later succeeded where the Augustinians had failed, establishing San Carlos as a Christian community. The town's history is marked by significant uprisings led by prominent local figures. Andrés Malong and
Juan de la Cruz Palaris Pantaleon Perez, more widely known as Juan de la Cruz, or by his nickname Palaris, (8 January 1733 – 16 January 1765) was a Pangasinan leader in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines who led a revolt against the colonial authorities duri ...
are two of the most notable leaders. Palaris, whose real name was Pantaleon Perez, earned his moniker due to his agility and skill in native fencing, known as ''esgrima de mano.'' He spearheaded a revolt against the Spanish authorities in 1762, which lasted for two years and spread across
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (, ; ; ), is a coastal Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen, Pangasinan, Lingayen while San Carlos, Pangasi ...
. His resistance against excessive tribute and forced labor led to the establishment of an independent government based in ''Binalatongan''.


Revolts

The first significant revolt in the area occurred in 1660, led by Andrés Malong. In 1718, during a minor uprising led by Juan Caragay, the church and its convent were set on fire, prompting the relocation of the
Población ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
east of the San Juan River. This transfer occurred on November 4, 1718, coinciding with the feast of
Saint Charles Borromeo Charles Borromeo (; ; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584. He was made a cardinal in 1560. Borromeo founded the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine and was a ...
, leading to the settlement being renamed San Carlos ''Binalatongan.''


Royal Decree and Final Renaming

In 1763, during another revolt led by Juan dela Cruz Palaris, the convent and the church of
Saint Dominic Saint Dominic, (; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (), was a Castilians, Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists, and he a ...
were once again set ablaze. This event led King Charles III of Spain to issue a decree relocating the site to a place then known as "Lucban." The town's major involvement in these uprisings resulted in a royal mandate to rename the town after the Spanish monarch, thus it was renamed San Carlos. From its foundation until 1764, the poblacion and the church were relocated several times within the town's present boundaries. The initial site was on the western bank of the
Agno River The Agno River, also known as the Pangasinan River, is a river on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Traversing the provinces of Benguet, Pangasinan, and Tarlac, it is one of the largest river systems in the country, with a drainage ar ...
near the
Zambales Mountains The Zambales Mountains is a mountain range in western Luzon. The mountains spread along a north-south axis, separating Luzon's central plain from the South China Sea. The range extends into five Provinces of the Philippines, provinces: Zambales, ...
, likely within the town of Aguilar. It was later moved to the eastern side of the river, within the present barangay Mabalbalino, where it remained through the second half of the 18th century. The town's rich history of resistance and resilience is encapsulated in its evolution from ''Binalatongan'' to San Carlos, reflecting the enduring spirit of its inhabitants and their significant role in regional history.


Philippine independence

During the 1960s, the Municipality of San Carlos was divided into two precincts. In 1965, the smaller precinct became legally incorporated as the Municipality of
Basista Basista, officially the Municipality of Basista (; ; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 37,679 people. B ...
by virtue of Republic Act No. 4866.


Cityhood

In 1966, the larger precinct became legally incorporated as San Carlos City by virtue of Republic Act No. 4487.


Contemporary

On April 28, 2007, San Carlos City's former mayor, Julian V. Resuello, was assassinated during an event at the city's plaza. His own family was accused to be behind his assassination. He later died after two days.


Geography

San Carlos is situated from the provincial capital
Lingayen Lingayen, officially the Municipality of Lingayen (; ; ; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality and capital of the Philippine Province, province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 10 ...
, and from the country's capital city of
Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
.


Barangays

San Carlos is politically subdivided into 87
barangay The barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as ''barrio'', is the smallest Administrative divisions of the Philippines, administrative division in the Philippines. Named after the Precolonial barangay, precolonial po ...
s. Each barangay consists of
purok A ''purok'' () is an informal division within a barangay in the Philippines. While not officially considered a local government unit (LGU), a ''purok'' often serves as a unit for delivering services and administration within a barangay. ''Pur ...
s and some have
sitios A ''sitio'' (Spanish language, Spanish for "site") in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. Typically rural, a ''sitios location is usually far from the center of the barangay itself and could be its own bar ...
. * Abanon * M.Soriano St. (Poblacion) * Agdao * Anando * Antipangol * Aponit * Bacnar * Balaya * Balayong * Baldog * Balite Sur * Balococ * Bani * Bega * Bocboc * Bugallon-Posadas Street (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Bogaoan * Bolingit * Bolosan * Bonifacio (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Buenglat * Burgos-Padlan (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Cacaritan * Caingal * Calobaoan * Calomboyan * Capataan * Caoayan-Kiling * Cobol * Coliling * Cruz * Doyong * Gamata * Guelew * Ilang * Inerangan * Isla * Libas * Lilimasan * Longos * Lucban (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Mabalbalino * Mabini (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Magtaking * Malacañang * Maliwara * Mamarlao * Manzon * Matagdem * Mestizo Norte * Naguilayan * Nelintap * Padilla-Gomez (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Pagal * Palaming * Palaris (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Palospos * Pangalangan * Pangoloan * Pangpang * Paitan-Panoypoy * Parayao * Payapa * Payar * Perez Boulevard (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * PNR Site (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Polo * Quezon Boulevard (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Quintong * Rizal Avenue (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Roxas Boulevard (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Salinap * San Juan * San Pedro (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Sapinit * Supo * Talang * Taloy (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
) * Tamayo * Tandoc * Tarece * Tarectec * Tayambani * Tebag * Turac * Ano * Tandang Sora (
Poblacion ''Poblacion'' (from Spanish '' población'', meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It ...
)


Climate


Demographics


Languages

Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (, ; ; ), is a coastal Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen, Pangasinan, Lingayen while San Carlos, Pangasi ...
is the main dialect of San Carlos. Ilocano is also widely spoken and understood in the city.


Economy

The city is also called the "Mango-Bamboo Capital of the Philippines", San Carlos has the largest number of mango trees – their fruits are among the most flavorsome in the country – and a thriving bamboocraft industry. An agroindustrial city, San Carlos also engages in livestock raising,
crop production Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food ...
, inland
fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment (Freshwater ecosystem, freshwater or Marine ecosystem, marine), but may also be caught from Fish stocking, stocked Body of water, ...
,
pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. The place where such wares are made by a ''potter'' is al ...
,
food processing Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the mak ...
,
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
,
commerce Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...
and
trade Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. Traders generally negotiate through a medium of cr ...
, small-scale
manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer ...
, and
flour Flour is a powder made by Mill (grinding), grinding raw grains, List of root vegetables, roots, beans, Nut (fruit), nuts, or seeds. Flours are used to make many different foods. Cereal flour, particularly wheat flour, is the main ingredie ...
-making. San Carlos is said to have an ideal investment potential because of its large land area, big population and strategic location, being in the center of Pangasinan.


Government


Local government

San Carlos, belonging to the third congressional district of the province of
Pangasinan Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (, ; ; ), is a coastal Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen, Pangasinan, Lingayen while San Carlos, Pangasi ...
, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.


Elected officials


Tourism

Interesting spots of the town include: * 435-year-old Minor Basilica of Saint Dominic * Speaker Eugenio Perez Memorial Park * City Plaza * Quadricentennial Arch in Bolingit * Binalatongan Ruins in San Juan * Philippine Fruit Corporation at Barangay Pagal


Giant mango pie

On April 26, 2011, 86 barangays in San Carlos baked a 100-square-meter mango pie — filling a gymnasium and setting the largest mango pie world record (400 sqm na mango pie, iniluto sa San Carlos City). Natives used 400 trays of mango pies (10 kilos each, P 400,000, in a 100-square-meter table and shared by more than 1,200). It highlighted San Carlos City's Mango-Bamboo Festival 2011.


Transportation

Bus companies with service to and from Manila include Five Star Bus Company, Dagupan Bus Company, Fermina Express, Pangasinan Solid North Transit, Inc., and First North Luzon Transit.
Jeepney A jeepney (), or simply a jeep (), is a type of Public transport, public utility vehicle (PUV) that serves as the most popular means of Transportation in the Philippines, public transportation in the Philippines. Known for its crowded seating ...
s are available for commuters to its neighboring towns, like
Calasiao Calasiao, officially the Municipality of Calasiao (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,471 people. Today, Calasiao is known as a first class, highly co ...
and
Malasiqui Malasiqui, officially the Municipality of Malasiqui (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 143,094 people. Etymology The word ''Malasiqui'' originates from the P ...
.
Tricycles A tricycle, sometimes abbreviated to trike, is a human-powered (or gasoline or electric motor powered or assisted, or gravity powered) three-wheeled vehicle. Some tricycles, such as cycle rickshaws (for passenger transport) and freight trikes, ...
are available for commuters to
barrio ''Barrio'' () is a Spanish language, Spanish word that means "Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter" or "neighborhood". In the modern Spanish language, it is generally defined as each area of a city delimited by functional (e.g. residential, comm ...
s and
barangay The barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as ''barrio'', is the smallest Administrative divisions of the Philippines, administrative division in the Philippines. Named after the Precolonial barangay, precolonial po ...
s.


Education

The San Carlos City Schools Division Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools. There are four schools district offices under this division office, namely: District I, District II, District III, and District IV.


Primary and elementary schools

* Abanon Central School * Ano Elementary School * Antipangol Elementary School * Aponit Elementary School * Bacnar Elementary School * Balaya Elementary School * Balayong Elementary School * Baldog Elementary School * Balite Sur Elementary School * Bani Elementary School * Bolingit Elementary School * Bogaoan Elementary School * Bolosan-Caingal Elementary School * Butterfly Kingdom e-Learning School * C. P. Gutierrez Elementary School * Calobaoan Elementary School * Calomboyan Elementary School * Candido Marcellano Integrated School * Caoayan-Kiling Elementary School * Central I Elementary School * Central II Elementary School * Clark Educational Center * Coliling Elementary School * Don Pablo C. Tulagan Elementary School * Don Vicente G. Ferrer Elementary School * Doyong Elementary School * Ednas School of San Carlos * Gamata Elementary School * Gospel of Christ School of San Carlos * Holy Child Play Center * Isla Elementary School * Ignacio Centeno Elementary School * Jose Macam Paningbatan Sr. Elementary Schoo * Julian Valerio Resuello Elementary School * Libas Elementary School * Lilimasan Elementary School * Mabalbalino Elementary School * Magtaking Elementary School * Malacañang Elementary School * Mestizo Norte Elementary School * Mother Goose Special School System * Naguilayan Elementary School * Nelintap Elementary School * Our Lady of Grace School of San Carlos City * Pagal Elementary School * Palaming Elementary School * Palospos Elementary School * Pangalangan Elementary School * Pangoloan Elementary School * Pangpang Elementary School * Parayao Elementary School * Payapa Elementary School * Payar Elementary School * Polo Elementary School * Quintong Elementary School * Rainbow School of San Carlos * San Carlos Preparatory School * Saint Albert The Great Science Academy * Salinap Elementary School * St. Charles Academy * Supo Elementary School * Tandoc Elementary School * Talang Central School * Tamayo Elementary School * Tarectec Elementary School * Turac Elementary School * VM Child Learning Center


Secondary schools

* Abanon National High School * Agdao Integrated School * Bacnar National High School * Bolingit National High School * Cobol National High School * Coliling National High School * Doyong National High School * Guelew Integrated School * Libas National High School * Lilimasan National High School * Mabalbalino National High School * Malacañang National High School * Pangalangan National High School * Salinap National High School * Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School * Tamayo National High School * Tandoc National High School * Tarece Integrated School * Tebag Elementary School * Turac National High School * Virgen Milagrosa Special Science High School * VMUF- San Luis High School * VMUF - St. Dominic High School * VMUF - Senior High School


Technical and vocational schools

* Metro San Carlos Institute of Technology


Higher educational institutions

* Colegio Anunciat * Palaris Colleges * PIMSAT Colleges * San Carlos College * St. Therese College Foundation


Gallery

File:SaintDominicdeGuzmanParishChurchjf310.JPG, View of the city from the Bell Tower File:SanCarlosPangasinanjf276.JPG, Eugenio Pérez Memorial Building, Museum File:SanCarlosPangasinanjf265.JPG, Kaluyagan Rural Bank and Palaris Colleges School (JT Baun Building) File:SanCarlosPangasinanjf255.JPG, Pangasinan Provincial Hospital File:SanCarlosPangasinanjf272.JPG,
City Supermarket, Inc. CSI Malls (City Supermarket, Inc.) is a retailer under the CSI Group of Companies based in Dagupan, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is the largest retailer in Northern Luzon. From Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, and Zambales, CSI has been operati ...
File:05146jfBonifacio_Burgos_Soriano_Poblacion_Palaris_Perez_Boulevard_San_Carlos_Pangasinanfvf_15.JPG, Old public market in 2015 (razed by 2024
fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a fuel in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. Flames, the most visible portion of the fire, are produced in the combustion re ...


References


External links


City Profile at the National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines

San Carlos at the Pangasinan Government Website

Local Governance Performance Management System
*
Philippine Standard Geographic Code The Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) is a systematic classification and coding for geographic areas in the Philippines. It classifies areas based on the country's four levels of administrative divisions: regions, provinces, municipalities ...

Philippine Census Information
{{Authority control Cities in Pangasinan Populated places established in 1578 1578 establishments in the Philippines Populated places on the Agno River Component cities in the Philippines