The Eyalet of Childir () or AkhalzikOther variants of this name include Akalzike (from ) was an

eyalet Eyalets (, , ), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were the primary administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was a ...

of the Ottoman Empire in the Southwestern Caucasus. The area of the former Çıldır Eyalet is now divided between Samtskhe-Javakheti and the

Autonomous Republic of Adjara Adjara ( ka, აჭარა ''Ach’ara'' ) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara ( ka, აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა ''Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

and provinces of

Artvin Artvin (Laz language, Laz and ; ; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in northeastern Turkey about inland from the Black Sea. It is the seat of Artvin Province and Artvin District.Ardahan Ardahan ( ka, არტაანი, tr; ; Russian: Ардаган) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border. It is the seat of Ardahan Province and Ardahan District.Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of an ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. The administrative center was

Çıldır Çıldır (, Husenian; meaning "North"; ka, ჩრდილი, Chrdili; meaning "Shadow") is a town in Ardahan Province of Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a r ...

between 1578 and 1628,

Ahıska Akhaltsikhe ( ka, ახალციხე ), formerly known as Lomsia ( ka, ლომსია ), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region () of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is the administrative center of the Akhaltsikhe Municipality and t ...

between 1628 and 1829, and

Oltu Oltu (; ) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,441 km2, and its population is 30,075 (2022). The mayor is Adem Çelebi, from the AKP. History An inscription found in Oltu's castle has been dated to the 7t ...

between 1829 and 1845.

History

Samtskhe Meskheti ( ka, მესხეთი ) or Samtskhe ( ka, სამცხე ), also known as Moschia in ancient sources, is a mountainous area in southwestern Georgia. History Ancient tribes known as the Mushki (or Moschi) and Mosiniks (or Mo ...

was the only Georgian principality to permanently become an Ottoman province (as the eyalet of Cildir). In the eighty years after the Battle of Zivin, the region was gradually absorbed into the empire. The Ottomans took the

region from the Principality of Meskheti, a vassal state of

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; , ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from Safavid Iran, 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder em ...

. In 1578, when the new province was established, they appointed the former Georgian prince, Minuchir (who took the name of ''Mustafa'' after converting to Islam) as the first governor. This eyalet expanded after taking the

Adjara Adjara ( ka, აჭარა ''Ach’ara'' ) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara ( ka, აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა ''Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a ...

region from the

Principality of Guria The Principality of Guria ( ka, გურიის სამთავრო, tr) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was ...

in 1582. From 1625 onwards the entire eyalet was a hereditary possession of the now-Muslim

Jaqeli The House of Jaqeli ( ka, ჯაყელი) was an old Georgian princely family ('' mtavari'') and a ruling dynasty of the Principality of Samtskhe, an offshoot of the House of Chorchaneli. History "Jaqeli", literally meaning "of/from Jaqi ...

atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the ti ...

s of Samtskhe, which administered it as hereditary governors, with some exceptions, until the mid-18th century. After 1639, the Jaqeli Pashas of Childir were charged with reining in the

kings of Imereti The Kingdom of Imereti ( ka, იმერეთის სამეფო, tr) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. Before that time, I ...

. During the

Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian Empire , Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 18 ...

, Russians occupied much of the province. The administrative centre was moved from

Akhaltsikhe Akhaltsikhe ( ka, ახალციხე ), formerly known as Lomsia ( ka, ლომსია ), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region () of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is the administrative center of the Akhaltsikhe Municipality and ...

, which was ceded to Russia, to

. By the Treaty of Adrianople, much of the pashalik was ceded to Russia, and became part of the Russian Akhalzik uezd (district) of

Kutaisi Governorate The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of western Georgia throughout most of its existence, and most of the Artvin Province (except t ...

. The remaining, smaller inner part was united with the

eyalet of Kars The Eyalet of Kars () was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The town of Kars, which had been levelled to the ground by the Timur in 1386, was rebuilt as an Ottoman fortress in 1579 (1580 accor ...

(later part of Eyalet of Erzurum) in 1845 and its coastal areas were united with

Trabzon Eyalet Trebizond Eyalet () or Trabzon Beylerbeyliği was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Established in 1598, By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters it remained a primarily Christian region into the 17th century, well after the rest of Anatolia had be ...

in 1829.

Governors

* 1579 - 1582:

Manuchar II Jaqeli Manuchar II Jaqeli also known as Mustafa Pasha ( ka, მანუჩარ II ჯაყელი; b. 1557 – d. 1614), of the House of Jaqeli, was prince of Samtskhe (styled with the hereditary title of atabeg) and the pasha of its capital Akhalt ...

(Mustafa Pasha) * 1582 - 1585: Hüsrev Pasha * 1585 - c.1596: Ahmed Pasha * c.1596 - 1603: Hızır Pasha * 1603 - 1614: Karakash Ahmed Pasha * 1614 - 1625:

Manuchar III Jaqeli Manuchar III Jaqeli ( ka, მანუჩარ III ჯაყელი; 1591–1625), of the House of Jaqeli, was the last atabeg of the principality of Samtskhe, nominally ruling between 1607 and 1625. As a child, he accompanied his father, Manuc ...

(son of Manuchar II) * 1625 - 1635: Beka III Jaqeli (Sefer Pasha, brother of Manuchar II) * 1635 - 1647: Yusuf Pasha (son of Sefer Pasha) * 1647 - 1659: Rüstem Pasha (son of Yusuf Pasha) * 1659 - 1679: Arslan Mehmed Pasha (son of Yusuf Pasha) * 1679 - 1690: Yusuf II (son of Arslan) * 1690 - 1701: Selim Pasha (son of Arslan) * 1701 - 1722: Ishak Pasha (son of Yusuf II) * 1722 - 1725: Şehsuvarzade Mehmed Pasha * 1725 - 1732: Ishak Pasha (again) * 1732 - 1744: Yusuf III (son of Ishak) * 1744 - 1748: Ishak Pasha (again) * 1748 - 1759: Haji Ahmed Pasha (son of Ishak) * 29 December 1759 - 24 January 1761: Vezir Ibrahim Pasha * 25 January 1761 - 9 March 1767: Hasan Pasha (son of Yusuf III) * 10 March 1767 - 27 October 1767: Silahdar İbrahim Bey * 28 October 1767 - 24 June 1770: Vezir Seyyid Numan Pasha * 25 June 1770 - 4 January 1771: Vezir Mehmed Pasha * 5 January 1771 - 18 January 1790: Suleyman Pasha (grandson of Ishak Pasha) * 9 April 1791 - 10 August 1792: Ishak II, who oversaw the completion of the

Ishak Pasha Palace Ishak Pasha Palace () is a semi-ruined palace and administrative complex located in the Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province of eastern Turkey. The Ishak Pasha Palace is an Ottoman-period palace whose construction was started in 1685 by ...

OVER 50,000 PEOPLE VISIT ISHAK PASHA PALACE IN EASTERN TURKEY
/ref> (son of Hasan Pasha) * 11 August 1792 - 21 July 1796: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (son of Suleyman Pasha) * 22 July 1796 - 13 January 1797:

Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha ("Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha the Blind"), also known as Yusuf Ziya Pasha (died 1819), was an Ottoman statesman of Georgian origin, who twice served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1798–1805 and 1809–1811. ...

* 14 January 1797 – 1801: Mehmet Sabit Pasha (son of Hasan Pasha) * 1801 - 1 November 1802: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (again) * 1802 - 1809:

Selim Khimshiashvili Selim Khimshiashvili (1755 – 3 June 1815) was a Georgians, Georgian nobleman of the Khimshiashvili princedom and dukedom and a Beylerbey of Adjara under the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman suzerainty, but with considerable autonomy. His seizure of power ...

(Selim Pasha) * 1810 - 1811: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (again) * 1811 - June 1815: Selim Pasha (again) * 3 September 1816 - 25 April 1818: Lütfullah Pasha * 26 April 1818 - March 1821: Benderli Ali Pasha * March 1821 - April 1824: Seyyid Ahmed Pasha * April 1824 - 14 February 1825: Haji Salih Pasha * 15 February 1825 – 1829: Kadirzade Osman Pasha

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Eyalet in the 17th century: # Sanjak of Oulti (Oltu) # Sanjak of Harbus # Sanjak of Ardinj (Ardanuç) # Sanjak of Hajrek (Hanak) # Sanjak of Great Ardehan # Sanjak of Postkhu # Sanjak of Mahjil (Macahel) # Sanjak of Ijareh-penbek *Hereditary sanjaks: # Sanjak of Purtekrek (Yusufeli) # Sanjak of Lawaneh (Livane/Artvin) # Sanjak of Nusuf Awan # Sanjak of Shushad (Şavşat) Sanjaks of Childir Eyalet in 1682-1702 # Sanjak of Nısf-ı Livâne and Pertekrek # Sanjak of Oltı # Sanjak of Ardanuc # Sanjak of Şavşad # Sanjak of Pertekrek # Sanjak of Great Ardahan # Sanjak of Nısf-ı Livâne # Sanjak of Mahcil # Sanjak of Petek # Sanjak of Upper

# Sanjak of Lower

# Sanjak of Emir Hoy # Sanjak of Astere # Sanjak of Posthov # Sanjak of Hartus # Sanjak of Altun Kale # Sanjak of Astıha # Sanjak of

# Sanjak of Ahalkelek # Sanjak of Keskim # Sanjak of Hacerek # Sanjak of

Sanjaks between 1721 and 1740: # Sanjak of Nısf-ı Livâne and Pertekrek # Sanjak of Oltı # Sanjak of Şavşad # Sanjak of Pertekrek # Sanjak of Great Ardahan # Sanjak of Mahcil # Sanjak of Upper

# Sanjak of Emir Hoy # Sanjak of Posthov # Sanjak of Hartus # Sanjak of Altun Kale # Sanjak of Astıha # Sanjak of Mamervan # Sanjak of

# Sanjak of Ahalkelek

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Childir, Eyalet of Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia Ottoman period in Georgia (country) History of Adjara History of Ardahan Province History of Artvin Province History of Erzurum Province 1578 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1845 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

History

Governors

Administrative divisions

See also

Notes

References