SPINA-GR is a calculated biomarker for insulin sensitivity.insulin receptor gain.

How to determine G_R

The index is derived from a mathematical model of insulin-glucose homeostasis. For diagnostic purposes, it is calculated from fasting

insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

and glucose concentrations with:

_=\frac-\frac-\frac

.'I''∞): Fasting Insulin plasma concentration (μU/mL)
'G''∞): Fasting blood glucose concentration (mg/dL)
''G''₁: Parameter for

pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek ''pharmakon'' "drug" and ''kinetikos'' "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered ...

(154.93 s/L)
''D''_''R'': EC₅₀ of insulin at its receptor (1,6 nmol/L)
''G''_''E'': Effector gain (50 s/moL)
''P''(∞): Constitutive endogenous glucose production (150 µmol/s)

Clinical significance

Validity

Compared to healthy volunteers, SPINA-GR is significantly reduced in persons with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, and it correlates with the M value in glucose clamp studies, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and (better than HOMA-IR and QUICKI) with the two-hour value in oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), glucose rise in OGTT, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content (measured via DXA) and the HbA1c fraction.

Notes

References

External links

Functions for R and S for calculating SPINA-GBeta and SPINA-GR(Permanent DOI)
{{Authority control Diabetes Endocrinology Human homeostasis Endocrine procedures Static endocrine function tests