Richard Ford (1796–1858) was an English travel writer known for his books on

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. Born in

Chelsea Chelsea or Chelsey may refer to: Places Australia * Chelsea, Victoria Canada * Chelsea, Nova Scotia * Chelsea, Quebec United Kingdom * Chelsea, London, an area of London, bounded to the south by the River Thames ** Chelsea (UK Parliament consti ...

into a high-class family and educated in

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

, he first moved to Spain in 1830, where he travelled extensively and collected notes and drawings. Upon return to England, he wrote an account of his journeys in ''

A Handbook for Travellers in Spain ''A Handbook for Travellers in Spain'' is an 1845 work of travel literature by English writer Richard Ford. It has been described as a defining moment in the genre. British tourists were travelling through Europe in increasing numbers and the nee ...

'', first published in 1845, described as one of masterpieces of the

travel literature The genre of travel literature encompasses outdoor literature, guide books, nature writing, and travel memoirs. One early travel memoirist in Western literature was Pausanias, a Greek geographer of the 2nd century CE. In the early modern period ...

genre. An erudite art collector, he befriended many important art and literature figures of his time. Ford was a skilled drawer himself, and made illustrations for his own and his friends' books.

Biography

Ford was born at 129 Sloane Street,

on 21 April 1796, the elder son of

Richard Ford Richard Ford (born February 16, 1944) is an American novelist and short story writer. His best-known works are the novel '' The Sportswriter'' and its sequels, '' Independence Day'', ''The Lay of the Land'' and ''Let Me Be Frank With You'', and t ...

(1758–1806), MP 1789–1791, Chief Magistrate at

Bow Street Bow Street is a thoroughfare in Covent Garden, Westminster, London. It connects Long Acre, Russell Street and Wellington Street, and is part of a route from St Giles to Waterloo Bridge. The street was developed in 1633 by Francis Russell, 4 ...

and knighted 1801 and his wife Marianne (1767–1849), daughter of Benjamin Booth,

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

Director and collector of the landscape paintings of Richard Wilson (1713/4–1782). Ford was educated at

Winchester College Winchester College is a public school (fee-charging independent day and boarding school) in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It was founded by William of Wykeham in 1382 and has existed in its present location ever since. It is the oldest of the ...

, and matriculated at

Trinity College, Oxford (That which you wish to be secret, tell to nobody) , named_for = The Holy Trinity , established = , sister_college = Churchill College, Cambridge , president = Dame Hilary Boulding , location = Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BH , coordinates ...

in 1813, graduating B.A. 1817 and M.A. in 1822. A lifelong

Tory A Tory () is a person who holds a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved in the English culture throughout history. Th ...

, in spite of joining the Whig

Brooks's Brooks's is a gentlemen's club in St James's Street, London. It is one of the oldest and most exclusive gentlemen's clubs in the world. History In January 1762, a private society was established at 50 Pall Mall by Messrs. Boothby and James ...

Club, he was a great admirer of the

Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister of ...

. He travelled on the Continent at the close of the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

visiting France, Germany, Austria and Italy between 1815 and the late 1820s, latterly with his first wife, Harriet Capel, whom he married in 1824. She was an illegitimate daughter of the

George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex FSA (13 November 1757 – 23 April 1839) was an English aristocrat and politician, and styled Viscount Malden until 1799. His surname was Capell until 1781. Early life George Capell was the eldest so ...

, who had been a close friend of his father. Ford entered

Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. (The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn.) Lincoln ...

in 1819 and was called to the Bar in 1822, but never practised. His real interest lay in the fine arts where he collected old master prints, particularly those of

Parmigianino Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (11 January 150324 August 1540), also known as Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly, as Parmigianino (, , ; "the little one from Parma"), was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, Bo ...

and

Andrea Meldolla Andrea Meldolla ( hr, Andrija Medulić), also known as Andrea Schiavone or Andrea Lo Schiavone (c. 1510/15–1563) was an Italian Renaissance painter and etcher, born in present-day Croatia, active mainly in the city of Venice. His style com ...

(Schiavone). In 1822 and 1824 he and his wife Harriet issued their own etchings after these two masters. Between 1825 and 1832 the Fords has six children, the three youngest dying in infancy. By 1830 Mrs. Ford's health was causing concern and it was decided to visit the warmer climate of Spain. Their stay lasted from October 1830 to October 1833,

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

being their base, except for the summers of 1831 and 1833, which they spent in the

Alhambra The Alhambra (, ; ar, الْحَمْرَاء, Al-Ḥamrāʾ, , ) is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the ...

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

where the climate was cooler. There he wrote about the rivalry between

Marie Guy-Stéphan Marie-Antoinette Guy-Stéphan (18 November 1818 - 20 August 1873) was a French dancer who triumphed at Spanish theaters between 1843 and 1851. Richard Ford, travel writer, arrived in Spain in 1830 and wrote about the rivalry between Guy-Stéphan ...

and

Maria Brambilla Sofia Fuoco (16 January 1830, Milan, the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia — 16 June 1916, Carate Urio, the Province of Como) — Italian ballerina. Was born as Maria Brambilla; her stage name, ''Fuoco'' (the mother's family name, given because the ...

, specialist in

Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the '' bel canto'' opera style dur ...

and first dancer of

La Scala La Scala (, , ; abbreviation in Italian of the official name ) is a famous opera house in Milan, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the ' (New Royal-Ducal Theatre alla Scala). The premiere performan ...

. In

he bought Spanish paintings and drawings mainly from the British Vice-Consul, Julian Benjamin Williams, who was also a dealer. These, among others, included works by Murillo, Zurbarán and

Alonso Cano Alonso Cano Almansa or Alonzo Cano (19 March 16013 September 1667) was a Spanish painter, architect, and sculptor born in Granada.Ribalta at

Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

. He was to send paintings to auction at Rainy's Rooms in

Regent Street Regent Street is a major shopping street in the West End of London. It is named after George, the Prince Regent (later George IV) and was laid out under the direction of the architect John Nash and James Burton. It runs from Waterloo Place ...

in 1836. Some of these were bought in. In all probability Williams was instrumental in introducing Ford to local artists

José Gutiérrez de la Vega José Gutiérrez de la Vega y Bocanegra (26 December 1791 – December 1865) was a Spanish painter who specialized in portraits and religious subjects. Biography He was born in Seville. His father was an engraver and woodcarver. He began his ...

(1791–1865) and

José Domínguez Bécquer José María Domínguez Insausti, better known as José Domínguez Bécquer (22 January 1805, Seville - 28 January 1841, Seville) was a Spanish painter in the Costumbrismo style. He was the father of the famous poet, Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, and ...

(1805–1841), both of whom Ford patronised. In his correspondence he also mentions José Maria Escacena (1800–1858), later a painter of Moroccan scenes and Antonio Maria Esquivel (1806–57). From late 1832 Ford was also to house and patronise the British artist,

John Frederick Lewis John Frederick Lewis (1804–1876) was an English Orientalist painter. He specialized in Oriental and Mediterranean scenes in detailed watercolour or oils, very often repeating the same composition in a version in each medium. He lived for ...

(1804/5–1876). When back in England, he befriended the Scottish artist,

David Roberts David or Dave Roberts may refer to: Arts and literature * David Roberts (painter) (1796–1864), Scottish painter * David Roberts (art collector), Scottish contemporary art collector * David Roberts (novelist), English editor and mystery writer ...

, who was in Spain 1832–1833, but apparently Ford never met him while they were both there. Puerta de Triana Richard Ford

Ford and his wife made many topographical drawings of Seville and its vicinity and during their wider travels in Spain. These constitute an important record of the Spain of the period as many of the buildings he drew were later to disappear. Ford also kept detailed notebooks of what he observed. His journeys took him through

Andalucia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The t ...

Extremadura Extremadura (; ext, Estremaúra; pt, Estremadura; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') is an autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida, and its largest city is Badajoz. Located in the central-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, it ...

, Northwest Spain and several times to

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

. Late in 1831, together with Harriet Ford, he travelled along the Mediterranean coast to

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

and via Eastern Spain to Madrid. Apart from that a large part of the north and southeast of the country remained unvisited. During his stay he bought many Spanish books, particularly of literature, artistic treatises, topography, local histories and of local saints. He continued to procure such items after his return home, notably at the Heber (1834–1836), W. B. Chorley (1846) and Riego (1847) sales, which helped to augment his knowledge of those areas he did not visit. He also relied on friends such as Henry Unwin Addington, the British minister in Madrid 1829–1833 and

Pascual de Gayangos Pascual de Gayangos y Arce (June 21, 1809 – October 4, 1897) was a Spanish scholar and orientalist. Life Born in Seville, he was the son of Brigadier José de Gayangos, intendente of Zacatecas, in New Spain (Mexico). After completing his p ...

, an arabist, to provide him with more recent publications. Ford's wife Harriet was constantly in poor health and after their return to England in 1833 the couple lived separately. Ford went to live in

Exeter Exeter () is a city in Devon, South West England. It is situated on the River Exe, approximately northeast of Plymouth and southwest of Bristol. In Roman Britain, Exeter was established as the base of Legio II Augusta under the personal comm ...

and in 1835 he bought a

Heavitree Heavitree is a historic village and parish situated formerly outside the walls of the City of Exeter in Devon, England, and is today an eastern district of that city. It was formerly the first significant village outside the city on the road to ...

house close to its eastern boundary. There, he created a Spanish style garden and built a Moorish-style summer house. This interest caused him to write an article on cob walls, contributed to John Murray's ''

Quarterly Review The ''Quarterly Review'' was a literary and political periodical founded in March 1809 by London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River ...

'' (April 1837), in which he likened the local Devon cob to the Spanish tapia buildings. This proved to be the precursor of many contributions, mainly, but not exclusively, to the Quarterly, mainly on Spanish subjects, which continued until 1857. As a result in late 1840 Murray submitted the manuscript of

George Borrow George Henry Borrow (5 July 1803 – 26 July 1881) was an English writer of novels and of travel based on personal experiences in Europe. His travels gave him a close affinity with the Romani people of Europe, who figure strongly in his work. Hi ...

's account of the Gypsies of Spain, ''The Zincali'', to Ford, who recommended publication. This resulted in a literary friendship in which Ford did his very best to encourage the highly temperamental author and which came to an end in 1851, when Ford, because of his own personal commitments, but also puzzlement about its content, felt unable to review ''

Lavengro ''Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest'' (1851) is a work by George Borrow, falling somewhere between the genres of memoir and novel, which has long been considered a classic of 19th-century English literature. According to the author, i ...

''; Borrow took offence. A review of Captain

Charles Rochfort Scott Major-General Charles Rochfort Scott (8 February 1797 – 4 July 1872) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey. Military career Rochfort Scott was commissioned into the Royal Staff Corps where he remained unti ...

's excursions in the mountains of

Ronda Ronda () is a town in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliff-side location and a deep chasm ...

and

(Quarterly, April 1839) demonstrated Ford's topographical knowledge of the area, and this may have prompted Murray to invite Ford to write a handbook for Spain. The first Mrs. Ford died in May 1837 and Ford married the Hon. Eliza Cranstoun (1808–1849) in 1838. Their daughter was born in 1840. He and his wife visited Italy in 1839–1840. Ford began the work on his most famous work, '' Handbook for Travellers in Spain'' on their return. A first draft took until the end of 1843 to complete and was partially printed in 1844, but was finally abandoned in early 1845, because of its hostility to perceived inadequacies of Spanish government, the cult of

Mariolatry Protestant views on Mary include the theological positions of major Protestant representatives such as Martin Luther and John Calvin as well as some modern representatives. While it is difficult to generalize about the place of Mary, mother of J ...

(worship of the Virgin Mary), and Spanish military incompetence together with French misconduct and depredations during the

Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain ...

in which

Marshal Soult Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult. Soult was one of only six officers in Fren ...

, who happened to be the French Head of Government at the time, was categorised as the 'plundermaster general'. A revised edition, still highly critical, if somewhat toned down, appeared in two volumes in July 1845. It remained a highly opinionated, strongly Protestant view of Spain, but nevertheless provided very detailed knowledge of the country and offered specialist information about the fine arts, including, most notably, a detailed consideration of the collections of the

Prado The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art, usually from the museum's own collection. It migh ...

. It is relished for its erudition, prejudice and dry wit. It remains one of the very few guide books to be regarded as a classic of travel literature in its own right. Of the 2,000 copies of this first published edition 1,800 were sold by the end of the year. Murray wanted a single-volume handbook, so Ford discarded much of the preliminary content and incorporated it with fresh material as ''Gatherings from Spain'', issued in Murray's ''

Home and Colonial Library The ''Home and Colonial Library'' was a series of works published in London from 1843 to 1849, comprising 49 titles, by John Murray III. He founded it, as a series of cheap reprints, original works and translations, slanted towards travel literatur ...

'' at the end of 1846. The one-volume ''Handbook'' appeared in 1847. He was also helping his friends Sir

Edmund Head Sir Edmund Walker Head, 8th Baronet, KCB (16 February 1805 – 28 January 1868) was a 19th-century British politician and diplomat. Early life and scholarship Head was born at Wiarton Place, near Maidstone, Kent, the son of the Reverend Sir J ...

and William Stirling (later Sir William Stirling Maxwell) write their surveys of Spanish art, both of which were published in 1848. The second Mrs. Ford died of tuberculosis in January 1849 and in 1851 Ford married Mary Molesworth (1816–1910) of

Pencarrow Pencarrow ( kw, Pennkarow) is a Grade II*-listed country house in the civil parish of Egloshayle, in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated three miles (5 km) east-southeast of Wadebridge and three miles (5 km) nort ...

, Cornwall. In 1843 Ford had published a life of Velázquez in the

Penny Cyclopaedia ''The Penny Cyclopædia'' published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge was a multi-volume encyclopedia edited by George Long and published by Charles Knight alongside the ''Penny Magazine''. Twenty-seven volumes and three supp ...

and in 1851 on a tour of the north of England and Scotland with Mrs Ford 'rediscovered' the ''

Rokeby Venus The ''Rokeby Venus'' (; also known as ''The Toilet of Venus'', ''Venus at her Mirror'', ''Venus and Cupid'', or '' La Venus del espejo'') is a painting by Diego Velázquez, the leading artist of the Spanish Golden Age. Completed between 1647 ...

'' in North Yorkshire then in the possession of William J. S. Morritt (1813–1874), (now in the

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director o ...

). It had been known previously to very few people and had its first public display at the 1857 Manchester

Art Treasures Exhibition The Art Treasures of Great Britain was an exhibition of fine art held in Manchester, England, from 5 May to 17 October 1857. He died of

Bright's disease Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine, and was frequently accompanied b ...

at Heavitree on 31 August 1858. His fine collection of pictures was inherited by his widow Mary.

Family

In 1824 Richard Ford married Harriet Capel, who died in 1837. They had six children, and of those he was survived only by two daughters and a son, Sir Francis Clare Ford. In 1837 Richard became engaged to Eliza Cranstoun, sister of the 10th Lord Cranstoun; the marriage took place on 28 February 1838. The only child of Richard and Eliza was Margaret 'Meta' Ford, who was born in October 1840, married Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd, and died in 1899. Eliza Ford died on 23 January 1849. In the summer of 1851, Richard Ford married his third wife, Mary Ford, née Molesworth, (1816–1910), who was a daughter of Sir Arscott Ourry Molesworth, 7th Baronet (1789–1823). Ford's niece was the archer, Cecilia Betham.

Encounter with Beethoven

Ford made an educational trip to Germany and Austria after leaving Trinity College in the summer of 1817, arriving in Vienna on 12 October 1817. The highlight of his stay in the city was a meeting with

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

, whom he visited on 28 November 1817. Beethoven received Ford extremely kindly, gave him an engraved portrait of himself, and composed a short Allegretto for string quartet in B minor ( WoO 210) especially for Ford in his presence during his visit. The piece remained completely unknown the autograph came up for auction on 8 December 1999 at Sotheby's in London. It is now in the

Bodmer Library The Bodmer Foundation (French: ''Fondation Bodmer'') is a library and museum specialised in manuscripts and precious editions. It is located in Cologny, Switzerland just outside Geneva. Also known as Bibliotheca Bodmeriana (or Bodmer Library ...

in Cologny, Switzerland."Ludwig van Beethoven, Allegretto in B Minor," edited by the Bibliotheca Bodmeriana Cologny. K.G. Saur Verlag, Munich, 2001. (in German and English). Available online as PDF a
Z-Library

Works

* Richard Ford, An Historical Enquiry into the Unchangeable Character of a War in Spain, London, John Murray 1837 * A Handbook for Travellers in Spain. suppressed edition (1844–45). (Abandoned before publication, ends in mid-sentence at page 768. Copy in The British Library). * A Handbook for Travellers in Spain, London, John Murray 1845, 2 vols., 2nd Ed., 1847, 3rd Ed., 1855, 2 vols. New Ed., ed Ian Robertson, Fontwell and London, Centaur Press 1966. 3 vols. * Gatherings from Spain, London, John Murray 1846. Everyman Ed., intro Thomas Okey, (1906) and later reps., intro Brinsley Ford, 1970, intro. and ed.Ian Robertson, London, Pallas Athene 2000.

Selected bibliography

* Robertson, Ian, Richard Ford, Hispanophile, Connoisseur and Critic, Wymondham, Michael Russell 2004. The only detailed biography, provides a full bibliography up to 2002. * Alberich, José. Richard Ford ó el hispanista hispanofobo, El Cateto y el Milor y otros ensayos anglohispanoles, Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, 2001, 79-108. * Barberán, F.J. Rodriguez, La Sevilla de Richard Ford 1830-1833. Exhibition Catalogue, Sevilla, Fundación El Monte 2007. * Richard Ford. Viajes por Espaňa (1830-1833) Exhibition Catalogue, Madrid, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 2014. * Bean, Thomas, 'Knapp and 'a Botcher'' George Borrow Bulletin, 2, 1991, 14-18. * 'I saw the Diamond in the Mass of Rubbish', Richard Ford and his friendship with George Borrow, Proceedings of the George Borrow Conference 1991, ed. Gillian Fraser, Toronto 1992. * Richard Ford as Picture Collector and Patron in Spain, Burlington Magazine, CXXXVII, February 1995, 96-107. * Richard Ford and Gatherings from Spain. The Book Collector, 44, 1995, 67-71. * The Spanish Library of Richard Ford, The Book Collector, 59, 2010, 369-91. * Brigstocke , Hugh (Ed) The Correspondence between Edmund Head, Richard Ford and William Stirling, Walpole Society, LXXVII, 2015, 379-478. * Constable, Thomas, Archibald Constable and his Literary Correspondents. Edinburgh, Edmondston and Douglas, 3 vols, 1873, II, 127-142. * Ford, Brinsley, J.F. Lewis and Richard Ford in Seville, Burlington Magazine, LXXX, 1942, 124-29. * Richard Ford's Articles and Reviews, Book Handbook, I, 1948, 369-80. * Richard Ford en Sevilla, Madrid, Instituto Diego Velázquez, 1963. * Richard Ford in Spain, Exhibition catalogue, Wildenstein, London 1974. * Richard Ford, The Ford Collection, ''Walpole Society,'' LX, 1998, 1, 23-56. * '' ''Giménez Cruz , Antonio, ¡Cosas de los Ingleses! Madrid, Editorial Complutense 997. * El Espaňa Pintoresca de David Roberts, Malaga, Universidad de Malaga, 2nd Ed. 2004. * Glick, Thomas, Richard Ford and Spanish Culture, The Texas Quarterly, 14, 1971, 67-79. * Hitchcock, Richard (Ed) Richard Ford: Letters to Gayangos, Exeter, University of Exeter 1974. * Richard Ford in Sevilla, George Borrow Bulletin, 24, 2002, 69-81. * Hoskins, W.G. The Finest Travel Book in English, The Listener, LX, 1958, 337-39. * Howarth , David, Mr. Morritt's Venus: Richard Ford, Sir William Stirling-Maxwell and the 'Cosas de Espaňa'. Apollo, CI, no 452 (New Series) October 1999, 37-44. * Hughes, Thomas, Richard Ford, In Memoriam, Fraser's Magazine, 58,1858, 422-24. * Knapp, William Ireland, The Life, Writings and Correspondence of George Borrow, London, John Murray 1899, 2 vols. * Medina Casado, Carmelo and Ruiz Mas, José (Eds) Las Cosas de Richard Ford, Jaen, Universidad de Jaen, 2010. * Morton, H.V. ''A Stranger in Spain'', London, Methuen 1955, 109-12. * Prothero, R.E. (Ed) The Letters of Richard Ford, London, John Murray, 1905. * Radford, Emily, 'Richard Ford and his Handbook for Travellers in Spain.' Transactions of the Devonshire Association, XC, 1958, 146 – 66. * Robertson, Ian, Los Curiosos Impertinentes, Serbal, Madrid and Barcelona, 2nd Ed. 1988 * Shorter, Clement King, ''George Borrow and his Circle'', London, Hodder and Stoughton 1913, 248-59. * Principal Manuscript Sources of Letters in Public Collections. **British Library, London. **Hispanic Society of America, New York. **Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. **Mitchell Library, Glasgow. **National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. **Norfolk and Norwich Record Office, Norwich. Most of Richard Ford's letters remain unpublished.

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, Richard English travel writers 1796 births 1858 deaths British Hispanists