Rudky Holocaust Memorial, Holon Cemetery, Israel
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Rudky (, ; ) is a city in
Sambir Raion Sambir Raion () is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its capital (political), administrative center is Sambir. Population: It was established in 1965. On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the numb ...
,
Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (, ), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast in western Ukraine. The capital city, capital of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is History Name The region is named ...
in
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. It hosts the administration of Rudky urban hromada, one of the
hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...
s of Ukraine. The population was 4,942 at the
2001 Ukrainian census The 2001 Ukrainian census is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine. It was conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989.Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...
Sambir Sambir (, ; ; ) is a city in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the Capital city, administrative center of Sambir Raion (Raion, district) and is located close to the border with Poland. Sambir hosts the administration of Sambir urba ...
Uzhhorod Uzhhorod (, ; , ; , ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality on the Uzh, Uzh River in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistan ...
at a distance from the regional center
Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...
, from the district center
Sambir Sambir (, ; ; ) is a city in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the Capital city, administrative center of Sambir Raion (Raion, district) and is located close to the border with Poland. Sambir hosts the administration of Sambir urba ...
, and from
Uzhhorod Uzhhorod (, ; , ; , ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality on the Uzh, Uzh River in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistan ...
.
This is placed on the main European watershed, above the river Vyshnya (right tributary of the river San).


History

The town is the resting place of the Polish poet
Aleksander Fredro Aleksander Fredro (20 June 1793 – 15 July 1876) was a Polish poet, playwright and Polish authors, author active during Romanticism in Poland, Polish Romanticism in the Partitions of Poland, period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works ...
, who was buried in a local Roman Catholic church in 1876. Rudky is on the Vishnya river and is the home of the Vyshnia College of the Lviv National Agricultural University. Rudky Arboretum is on the southern edge of the town. Rudky (known in Polish as Rudki) was founded in the late 14th century in
Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...
, after
Red Ruthenia Red Ruthenia, also called Red Rus or Red Russia, is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Duchy of Belz, Principality of Belz. It is closely related to ...
was annexed by Poland. Its Roman Catholic parish was created in the early 15th century, and during the
Protestant Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and ...
, the church was in 1550 turned into a Calvinist prayer house. In 1655, construction of a new church was initiated by the owner of the town, Andrzej Stano (
Gozdawa coat of arms Gozdawa () is a Polish nobility Coat of Arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History It is believed that the Gozdawa coat of arms was granted by Władysł ...
). Soon afterwards, the
Swedish invasion of Poland The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, comprising the Pol ...
brought widespread destruction to Rudki and its area, and the church was not completed until 1728. In 1742, Rudki was purchased by the Fredro family ( Boncza coat of arms). Until the
Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...
) Rudki belonged to
Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (; ; ) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv). Together with a number of ot ...
. In 1772, it was annexed by the
Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...
, as part of Austrian Galicia. After the
Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...
, Count Aleksander Fredro settled here. In 1880, the population of the town was 2582, with 1352 Jews and 945 Poles. In 1891, Polish scientist Mieczyslawa Ruxerowna was born here. In 1918-1919, Rudki returned to Poland. In the
Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...
, it was the seat of a county in
Lwow Voivodeship Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...
, and until 1939, belonged to the Fredro family. At that time, the town had a population of 3,500, divided into Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian communities. Following the
Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...
. Rudki was occupied by the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
, and its name was changed to Rudky. In June 1941, the
NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...
murdered approximately 200 prisoners here (see
NKVD prisoner massacres The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions of political prisoners carried out by the NKVD, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, across Eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states ...
). On June 27, 1941, the Germans occupied Rudki. In July, the
Einsatzgruppen (, ; also 'task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the imp ...
murdered 39 leaders of the Jewish community in the Berezina forest. On April 9, 1943, during the liquidation of the ghetto, Ukrainian policemen assisted German police and SD in executing about 1,700 Jews near the Brzezina forest and deporting about 300 Jews to the Janowska camp in Lviv. On July 15, 2016, Archbishop Mieczyslaw Mokrzycki of the Roman Catholic Church dedicated the museum of Polish playwright and poet
Aleksander Fredro Aleksander Fredro (20 June 1793 – 15 July 1876) was a Polish poet, playwright and Polish authors, author active during Romanticism in Poland, Polish Romanticism in the Partitions of Poland, period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works ...
, which was opened on the 140th anniversary of the death of the prominent Polish playwright in the bell tower of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Rudky (now the sanctuary of Our Lady of Rudky). The museum's exposition includes materials on the life and work of Aleksander Fredro, publications of his works, and theater posters from around the world.


Cult constructions and religion

In the city various religions and cultures have co-existed. However, almost the entire Jewish community of around two thousand were murdered here during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
with the help of some of the local population. A few other local farmers rescued and hid a few Jews at the risk of their own lives. The few survivors did not return to the community. At present there are
Greek Catholic Greek Catholic Church or Byzantine-Catholic Church may refer to: * The Catholic Church in Greece * The Eastern Catholic Churches The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also known as the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Ea ...
, the
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
and the
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
parishes. The city has a Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Church of the Holy Eucharist and Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC Church for the
Christians A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words '' Christ'' and ''C ...
. Architectural monument of Sambir Raion is the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC Church (1407/ 1). Alexander Fredro was buried in the family grave in the Catholic Church of the Assumption of city Rudky.Aleksander Fredro – biografia


Gallery

File:Church of the Holy Eucharist. Rudky.JPG, Church of the Holy Eucharist File:Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC Church. Rudky.JPG, Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC Church File:Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Rudky.JPG, Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. File:Memorial plaque to Alexander Fredro in Rudky.jpg, Memorial plaque to Alexander Fredro (1793-1876) at the Roman Catholic Church of the Assumption in the Rudky.


References


External links


city Rudky

weather.in.ua/Rudky

Rudky town: street map, photos

Україна Інкогніта, Рудки
{{Authority control Cities in Lviv Oblast Cities of district significance in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine