The Royal Hungarian () or Royal Hungarian (), commonly known as the (; collectively, the ), was one of the four

armed forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a ...

( or ) of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

from 1867 to 1918, along with the Austrian Landwehr, the Common Army and the Imperial and Royal Navy. The term ''honvéd'' was used to refer to all members of the Hungarian land forces in 1848-49, but it was also used to refer to enlisted

private Private or privates may refer to: Music * "In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorded ...

soldiers without a rank.

History

The word ''honvéd'' in Hungarian (sometimes "honved" in English sources) means "defender of the homeland" and first appeared during the 1848 revolutions. At that time it was the name given to volunteers who were engaged for several weeks or ''a gyözelemig'' (i.e. "until victory") and sent to fight the

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of Serbia, history, and Serbian lan ...

and

Croats The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancest ...

. Subsequently, the bulk of the fighting was against the Empire of Austria, whereupon a number of regular imperial regiments went over to the Hungarian side. Some volunteers were attached to these existing regiments and some joined new regular regiments. Consequently, the term ''honvéd'' was used to refer to all members of the Hungarian land forces in 1848-49. The Honvéd was finally defeated by Austria with Russian assistance. Around 40% of the private soldiers in the Hungarian Revolutionary Volunteer Army consisted of ethnic minorities of the country."Bona Gábor: A szabadságharc honvédsége Link
/ref> During the Hungarian revolution, around half of the officers and generals of the Hungarian Honvéd Army had foreign origin. There were at least as many ethnic Hungarian professional officers in the Imperial Habsburg army as in the Hungarian revolutionary Honvéd army. Following the

Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (, ) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which was a military and diplomatic alliance of two sovereign states. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereign ...

, the Royal Hungarian Honvéd was restored for Hungary, and the

Imperial-Royal Landwehr The Imperial-Royal Landwehr ( or ''k.k. Landwehr''), also called the Austrian Landwehr, was the territorial army of the Cisleithanian or Austrian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1869 to 1918. Its counterpart was the Royal Hungarian Land ...

was created for Austria, but both states had to continue to finance the Austro-Hungarian Common Army, much larger than both. A common Austro-Hungarian War Ministry was formed immediately for the large Common Army, but it had no right to command directly the smaller Austrian Landwehr and the Hungarian Honvéd armies, which were respectively placed under the direct control of the separate Austrian and Hungarian Ministries of Defence. The Austrian and Hungarian Ministers of Defence were not placed under the command and jurisdiction of the Common War Ministry; they were subordinated only to their own prime ministers and the respective parliaments in Vienna and Budapest. The Hungarian Honvéd army could join the imperial army only with the explicit authorization of the Hungarian government. The monarch became the supreme warlord, holding all authority over the structure, organization, and administration of the army. He appointed the senior officials, had the right to declare war, and was the commander-in-chief of the army. On 21 May 1893 the Honvéd Memorial was unveiled in

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

in commemoration of the deeds of the Hungarian national army during the

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 The Hungarian Revolution of 1848, also known in Hungary as Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many Revolutions of 1848, European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in ...

-49. From 1919 to 1945, ''Honvédség'' was also a name given to the

Royal Hungarian Army The Royal Hungarian Army (, ) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945. Its name was inherited from the Royal Hungarian Honvéd which went under the same Hu ...

Structure

The Hungarian Landwehr consisted of territorial units from the Hungarian half (called Transleithania or the

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (), informally Transleithania (meaning the lands or region "beyond" the Leitha River), were the Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary, throughout the latter's entire existence (30 March 1867 – 16 ...

) of

, the historical territory of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

: These territories included what is present-day

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

(so-called Upper Hungary) and parts of the present-day countries of

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

(

Burgenland Burgenland (; ; ; Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian: ''Burgnland''; Slovene language, Slovene: ''Gradiščanska''; ) is the easternmost and least populous Bundesland (Austria), state of Austria. It consists of two statutory city (Austria), statut ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

(

Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...

Crișana Crișana (, , ) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas ...

Maramureș ( ; ; ; ) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine. It is situated in the northeastern Carpathians, along parts of the upper Tisza River drainage basin; it covers the Maramureș Depression and the ...

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

(

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

(

Prekmurje Prekmurje (; Prekmurje Slovene: ''Prèkmürsko'' or ''Prèkmüre''; ) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally, and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarians in Slovenia, Hungarian minority, lying betwee ...

) and

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

( Transcarpathia). Usually the term ''

Landwehr ''Landwehr'' (), or ''Landeswehr'', is a German language term used in referring to certain national army, armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fo ...

'' implies units of limited fighting power. This was not the case in the Hungarian Honvéd. Although weaker in numbers - there were only three

battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers. A battalion is commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into several Company (military unit), companies, each typically commanded by a Major (rank), ...

s per

infantry Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadl ...

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...

instead of the usual four in the Common Army - the troops were regular combat soldiers and were highly trained. The Royal Hungarian Honvéd was divided into the Hungarian Honvéd and the Royal Croatian Home Guard (also called the Croatian-Slavonian Landwehr). The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868 granted the Croats the right to introduce Croatian as their working and command language within their units. In addition, the Croatian-Slavonian Honvéd units were subordinated to the '' Ban'' in Agram and not to the National Defence Minister in

. However, both Ban and the Defence Minister were subordinated to the

Prime Minister of Hungary The prime minister of Hungary () is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the government of Hungary, Cabinet are collectively accountability, accountable for their policies and actions to the National Assembly (Hungary), Par ...

Recruitment

In peacetime the officers of the Hungarian Honvéd either transferred from regular Hungarian regiments of the Common Army (K.u.K.) or graduated from the Ludovika Military Academy (a cadet school opened in 1872 specifically for the training of Honvéd

officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fro ...

s) in Budapest. From 1869 onward the rank and file soldiers of the Honvéd were recruited as part of the general conscription process of the Common Army with individual Hungarian conscripts being allocated to specific K.u.K. or Honvéd regiments according to the numbers required. Entry to the Honvéd contingent or to the Common Army was decided by drawing lots. Enlisted at the age of 21 the Honvéd soldier usually undertook 24 months of active service before passing into the reserve. The commitment for compulsory service ended at the age of 36.

Landwehr districts

*I Landwehr District –

:M.kir. I budapesti honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *II Landwehr District –

Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...

:M.kir. II szegedi honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *III Landwehr District – Kassa (Kaschau; now Košice, Slovakia) :M.kir. II kassai honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *IV Landwehr District – Pozsony (Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) :M.kir. IV pozsonyi honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *V Landwehr District – Kolozsvár (Klausenburg, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) :M.kir. V kolozsvári honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *VI Landwehr District –

Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...

(Agram) :M.kir. VI zágrábi horvát-szlavon kerületi parancsnokság

Formations and units of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd

The Royal Hungarian Honvéd was the standing army of Hungary. A part of the Honvéd was the Royal Croatian Home Guard (''Kraljevsko hrvatsko domobranstvo''), which consisted of 1 infantry division (out of 7 in the Honvéd) and 1 cavalry regiment (out of 10 in the Honvéd). Its order of battle at the outbreak of the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

in 1914 was as follows (Hungarian designations listed in singular form): * 6 Landwehr districts (''honvéd katonai kerület'') * 2 infantry divisions (''honvéd gyalogos hadosztály'') * 2 cavalry divisions (''honvéd lovassági hadosztály'') * 4 infantry brigades (''honvéd gyalogosdandár'') * 12 independent infantry brigades (''honvéd önálló gyalogdandár'') * 4 cavalry brigades (''honvéd lovasdandár'') * 32 infantry regiments (''honvéd gyalogezred'') * 10 regiments of hussars (''honvéd huszárezred'') * 8 field artillery regiments (''honvéd tábori ágyúsezred'') * 1 horse artillery battalion (''honvéd lóvontatású tüzérosztály'') In 1915, units of the whole Army that had nicknames or honorific titles lost them by order of the War Ministry. Thereafter units were designated only by their numerical designation, but the practice of honoric titles remained in the Honvéd. All details relate to the year 1914:

Infantry divisions

*20th Honvéd Infantry Division –

Nagyvárad Oradea (, , ; ; ) is a city in Romania, located in the Crișana region. It serves as the administrative county seat, seat of Bihor County and an economic, social, and cultural hub in northwestern Romania. The city lies between rolling hills on ...

(Großwardein) *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Friedrich von Csanády **39th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nagyvárad **:Commander: Major General Koloman Patzák **40th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Szatmárnémeti Satu Mare (; ; ; or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvan ...

(Sathmar) **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Béla Tarnáky *41st Honvéd Infantry Division – Budapest *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Johann Nikić **81st Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Budapest **:Commander: Major General Eugen Perneczky **82nd Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Veszprém Veszprém (; , , , ) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county of the same name. Etymology The city's name derives ...

(Wesprim) **:Commander: Major General Rudolf Schamschula

Independent infantry brigades

*45th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commander: Major General Rudolf Seide *46th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Lugos *:Commander: Major General Lehel Festl *73rd Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Pozsony *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Paul von Nagy *74th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nyitra *:Commander: Major General Franz Cvrček *75th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Kolozsvár *:Commander: Major General Karl Lippner von Nagyszentmiklós *76th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nagyszeben *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Adalbert Benke von Tardoskedd *77th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Kassa *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Desiderius Molnár von Péterfalva *78th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Miskolcz *:Commander: Major General Josef Foglár *79th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commander: Major General Koloman Tabajdi *80th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Pécs Pécs ( , ; ; Slovak language, Slovak: ''Päťkostolie''; also known by #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the c ...

*:Commanding Officer: Colonel Johann Háber *83rd Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Agram *:Commander: Major General Nikolaus Ištvanović von Ivanska *84th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...

*:Commanding Officer: Colonel Daniel Kolak

Cavalry divisions

*5th Honvéd Cavalry Division Budapest *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Ernst Anton von Froreich-Szábo **19th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – Budapest **:Commander: Major General Ferdinand Graf von Bissingen und Nippenburg **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade –

Zalaegerszeg Zalaegerszeg (; ; ; ) is the administrative center of Zala County, Zala county in western Hungary. Location Zalaegerszeg lies on the banks of the Zala River, close to the Slovenian and Austrian borders, and west-southwest of Budapest by road. Hi ...

**:Commanding Officer: Colonel Baron Colbert Zech *11th Honvéd Cavalry Division – Debreczen *:Commander: Major General Julius Freiherr Nagy von Töbör-Éthe **22nd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade – Szeged **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Karl Czitó **24th Landwehr Cavalry Brigade – Kassa **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Ladislaus Jóny von Jamnik

Infantry regiments

Cavalry regiments

*1st Budapest Honvéd Hussars **19th Honvád Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Colbert Zech von Deybach Freiherr von Hart und Sulz – Debachi Zech Colbert *2nd Debreczen Honvéd Hussars **22nd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Johann Flór – Flór János alezredes *3rd Szeged Honvéd Hussars **22nd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Árpád Cserépy von Kisruszka – Kisruszkai Cserépy Árpád alezredes *4th Szabadka Honvéd Hussars **I and II Sqns, 23rd Honvéd Infantry Division **III and IV Sqns, 20th Honvéd Infantry Division **V and VI Sqns, 41st Honvéd Infantry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Nikolaus Jankovich von Jeszenicze – Jeszeniczai Jankovich Miklós alezredes *5th Kassa Honvéd Hussars **24th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Paul Hegedüs – Hegedüs Pál ezredes *6th Zalaegerszeg Honvéd Hussars **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Ladislaus Forster von Szenterzsébet – Szenterzsébeti Forster László alezredes *7th Pápa Honvéd Hussars **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Johann Graf Lubienski – Gróf Lubienski János ezredes *Pécs Honvéd Hussars 8 **19th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alexius Thege von Konkoly – Konkoly Thege Elek alezredes *9th Maros-Vásárhely Honvéd Hussars **24th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade -1st Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Koloman Géczy von Garamszeg – Garamszegi Géczy Kálmán ezredes *10th Varazdin Honvéd Hussars **I and II Sqns, 36th Honvéd Infantry Division **III and IV Sqns, 42nd Honvéd Infantry Division **V and VI Sqns, 13th Honvéd Infantrybrigade *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alois Hauer – Hauer Alajos alezredes

Field artillery regiments

*1st Regiment of Artillery – 1. honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Budapest – 4th Honvéd Infantry Division – I Landwehr District *:formed: 1913 *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Anton Hellebronth von Tiszabeö – Tiszabeöi Hellebronth Antal ezredes *2nd Regiment of Field Artillery – 2 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Nagyszeben – 23rd Honvéd Infantry Division – V Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Ladislaus Thaisz – Thaisz Lázló alezredes *3rd Regiment of Field Artillery – 3 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Kassa – 39th Honvéd Infantry Division – III Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich Loidin – Loidin Henrik alezredes *4th Regiment of Field Artillery – 4 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Nyitra – 37th Honvéd Infantry Division – IV Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Mattanovich – Mattanovich Sándor alezredes *5th Regiment of Field Artillery – 5 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Maros-Vásarhely – 38th Honvéd Infantry Division – V Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Egon Stráner – Sztráner Jenő alezredes *6th Regiment of Field Artillery – 6 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Agram – 42nd Honvéd Infantry Division – VI Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Rudolf Sekulić – Sekulić Rezső alezredes *7th Regiment of Field Artillery – 7 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Hajmaskér – 41st Honvéd Infantry Division – VII Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Kapp – Capp Gusztáv alezredes *8th Regiment of Field Artillery – 8th honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Hajmaskér – 20th Honvéd Infantry Division – II Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Albert Pohl – Pohl Albert ezredes *1st Honvéd Horse Artillery Division – honvéd lovastüzér osztály *:Garrison: Szeged – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division – II Landwehr District *:formed: 1914

Museum coverage

The history of Austro-Hungarian forces is documented in detail in the Military History Museum in Vienna, which was founded by Emperor

Franz Joseph I Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( ; ; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the Grand title of the emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 until his death ...

as the Imperial-Royal Court Armaments Museum (''k.k. Hofwaffenmuseum''). In a special display cabinet in Hall V (the Franz Joseph Hall) of the museum, several uniforms of the Imperial Royal Landwehr are displayed, a relief on the rear of the cabinet shows the territories from which the Hungarian Landwehr and the Imperial Royal Landwehr recruited.Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck: ''Das Heeresgeschichtliche Museum Wien. Saal VI - Die k.(u.)k. Armee von 1867-1914'', Vienna, 1989, p. 25.

References

Literature and sources

* Allmayer-Beck, Johann Christoph and Lessing, Erich (1974). ''Die K.u.k. Armee. 1848–1918'' ("The Imperial and Royal Army 1848-1918"), Verlag Bertelsmann, Munich, 1974, . * k.u.k. Kriegsministerium ''Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr'' ("Location and Organization of the k.u.k. Army, the k.u.k. Navy, the k.k. Landwehr and the k.u. Landwehr") in Seidel's ''kleines Armeeschema'' – published by Seidel & Sohn, Vienna, 1914 * Rest, Stefan, Ortner, M. Christian and Ilmig, Thomas (2002). ''Des Kaisers Rock im 1. Weltkrieg'' ("The Emperor's Coat in the First World War"). Verlag Militaria, Vienna. * k.u.k. Kriegsministerium (1911/12). ''Adjustierungsvorschrift für das k.u.k. Heer, die k.k. Landwehr, die k.u. Landwehr, die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Korps der Militärbeamten'' ("Dress Regulations for the k.u.k. Army, the k.k. Landwehr, the k.u. Landwehr, the Associated Organizations and the Corps of Military Officials"), Vienna. {{DEFAULTSORT:Royal Hungarian Honved Military history of Hungary Austro-Hungarian Army Establishments in the Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)