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, also ''Ritsu'', is one of the six schools of Nara Buddhism in Japan, noted for its use of the
A short history of the twelve Japanese Buddhist sects
Tokyo: Bukkyo-sho-ei-yaku-shupan-sha, pp. 20–31 Schools of Buddhism founded in Japan Buddhism in the Nara period {{Japan-reli-stub
, also ''Ritsu'', is one of the six schools of Nara Buddhism in Japan, noted for its use of the Vinaya
The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit: विनय) refers to numerous monastic rules and ethical precepts for fully ordained monks and nuns of Buddhist Sanghas (community of like-minded ''sramanas''). These sets of ethical rules and guidelines devel ...
textual framework of the Dharmaguptaka
The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit: धर्मगुप्तक; ; ) are one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools from the ancient region of Gandhara, now Pakistan. They are said to have originated from another sect, the Mahīśāsakas f ...
, one of the early schools of Buddhism; Risshū is the Japanese term for Vinaya.
The Ritsu school was founded in Japan by the blind Chinese priest Jianzhen, better known by his Japanese name ''Ganjin''. Ganjin traveled to Japan at the request of Japanese priests, and established the Tōshōdai-ji
is a Buddhist temple of the Risshū sect in the city of Nara, in Nara Prefecture, Japan. The Classic Golden Hall, also known as the '' kondō'', has a single story, hipped tiled roof with a seven bay wide facade. It is considered the archetyp ...
in Nara
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also task ...
. During the Kamakura period
The is a period of History of Japan, Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoritomo after the conclusion of the G ...
, the Ritsu sect was divided into schools at Tōshōdai-ji, Kaidan-in
is a Rinzai temple in Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Dazaifu, Fukuoka prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was founded by Jianzhen, Ganjin in 761.
Together with Tōdai-ji in Nara, Nara, Nara and Yakushi-ji in Tochigi Prefecture, it was one of Japan's t ...
, Saidai-ji }
280px, Model of Nara period Saidai-ji
is a Buddhist temple located in the Saidiaji-Shiba neighborhood of the city of Nara, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It became the head temple of the sect after the sect's founder, , took over administration in 1 ...
, and Sennyū-ji. However, during the Meiji period
The was an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868, to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonizatio ...
, the Ritsu sect was incorporated within the Shingon
is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asian Buddhism. It is a form of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism and is sometimes called "Tōmitsu" (東密 lit. "Esoteric uddhismof Tō- ...
sect by decree of the Japanese government. Today only Tōshōdai-ji
is a Buddhist temple of the Risshū sect in the city of Nara, in Nara Prefecture, Japan. The Classic Golden Hall, also known as the '' kondō'', has a single story, hipped tiled roof with a seven bay wide facade. It is considered the archetyp ...
, which resisted the government measures, retains its identity as a Ritsu temple.
History
Jianzhen reached Japan in 753/4. He introduced the Four Part Vinaya Code (in Japanese, the '), a series of monastic precepts based on Chinese Buddhism. He re-ordained Japanese priests, who renounced their previous, 'unorthodox' initiations, and therefore became the first formally ordained monks in Japan.Views
The Risshū school rejected theTendai
, also known as the Tendai Dharma Flower School (天台法華宗, ''Tendai hokke shū,'' sometimes just ''Hokkeshū''), is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition with significant esoteric elements that was officially established in Japan in 806 by t ...
position on the relationship between the Vinaya and the Lotus Sutra
The ''Lotus Sūtra'' (Sanskrit: ''Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtram'', ''Sūtra on the White Lotus of the True Dharma'', zh, p=Fǎhuá jīng, l=Dharma Flower Sutra) is one of the most influential and venerated Buddhist Mahāyāna sūtras. ...
.
See also
*Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was cont ...
* Dharmaguptaka
The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit: धर्मगुप्तक; ; ) are one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools from the ancient region of Gandhara, now Pakistan. They are said to have originated from another sect, the Mahīśāsakas f ...
* Schools of Buddhism
The schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism, which have often been based on historical sectarianism and the differing teachings and interpretations of specific Buddhist texts. The branching of Buddhi ...
* Vinaya
The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit: विनय) refers to numerous monastic rules and ethical precepts for fully ordained monks and nuns of Buddhist Sanghas (community of like-minded ''sramanas''). These sets of ethical rules and guidelines devel ...
References
Bibliography
* Bunyiu Nanjio (1886)A short history of the twelve Japanese Buddhist sects
Tokyo: Bukkyo-sho-ei-yaku-shupan-sha, pp. 20–31 Schools of Buddhism founded in Japan Buddhism in the Nara period {{Japan-reli-stub