Remote job entry, or Remote Batch, is the procedure for sending requests for non-interactive

data processing Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of ''information processing'', which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an o ...

tasks ( jobs) to

mainframe computer A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise ...

s from remote

workstation A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or computational science, scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by a single user, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating syste ...

s, and by extension the process of receiving the output from such jobs at a remote workstation. The RJE workstation is called a remote because it usually is located some distance from the host computer. The workstation connects to the host through a

modem The Democratic Movement (, ; MoDem ) is a centre to centre-right political party in France, whose main ideological trends are liberalism and Christian democracy, and that is characterised by a strong pro-Europeanist stance. MoDem was establis ...

, digital link, packet-switching network or

local area network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of da ...

(LAN). RJE is similar to uux and SSH, except that the workstation sends a complete job stream rather than a single command and that the user does not receive any output until the completion of the job.. The terms Remote Batch, Remote Job System and Remote Job Processing are also used for RJE facilities.

Examples

Remote Job Entry (RJE) is also the name of an OS/360 component that provided RJE services. An RJE workstation operator may have complete console control of the job flow between the workstation and mainframe, depending on local configuration and policy. Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (HASP) initially supported job entry from terminals using Synchronous transmit-receive (STR); eventually HASP II supported only Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC), and added the Multi-leaving protocol for BSC programmable work stations; this protocol is incompatible with that used by OS/360 RJE and is the basis for protocols used for job submission from programmable work stations for, e.g., Attached Support Processor (ASP), JES2, JES3, OS/VS1 Remote Entry Services (RES), VM RSCS, as well as the later protocols for Network Job Entry (NJE) in, e.g., JES2, JES3, VM RSCS. Conversational Remote Job Entry (CRJE) is a component of OS/360 and OS/VS1 that provides job submission, job retrieval and editing for a user at an interactive terminal. Remote Entry Services] (RES) is a component of OS/VS1 that provides RJE services. An RES workstation operator may have complete console control of the job flow between the workstation and mainframe, depending on local configuration and policy. RSCS, Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem (RSCS) is, depending on the release, a component of or extra cost product in VM that provides RJE services. The RSCS in the free VM/370 only supported BSC; IBM added support for Systems Network Architecture (SNA), NJE and

TCP/IP The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are ...

over several chargeable versions. Network Job Entry (NJE) is Store and forward networking for transmitting, e.g., card files, jobs, printed output, among peers. The initial versions of NJE for JES2, JES3, VSE POWER and VM RSCS used BSC multileaving, but IBM quickly added support for Channel-to-channel adapters. IBM later added support for SNA and, ultimately,

. NETRJS is the protocol developed by the Campus Computing Network at

UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school then known as the southern branch of the C ...

to deliver batch jobs to the Remote Job Service (RJS) on their IBM 360 Model 91. This protocol was originally assigned to

ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the tec ...

Initial Connection Protocol sockets 71, 73, and 75, and later reassigned to

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks ...

ports 71–74. RJS is a subsystem of OS/360 MVS written by UCLA to support remote batch from card-reader/printer terminals.

RJE workstations

Early RJE workstations were "dumb" (non-programmable) devices using byte-synchronous communications protocols such as IBM BISYNC or STR, or equivalents from other vendors. Later, programmable devices or small computers were used, and IBM developed a protocol called HASP multileaving for use with HASP, and later, e.g., ASP, JES2, JES3, RSCS. The IBM System/360 Model 20 and 1130, the Mohawk Data MDS 2400 and the UNIVAC 1004, were popular. Later still RJE workstations switched to bit-oriented full duplex protocols such as IBM Synchronous Data Link Control, HDLC, or

X.25 X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for Packet switched network, packet-switched data communication in wide area network, wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the CCITT, International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Co ...

. The

Internet Engineering Task Force The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet standard, Internet and is responsible for the technical standards that make up the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster ...

has defined RFCs for internet remote job entry protocols, but they are now considered obsolete or legacy. The 200 USER Terminal is a remote batch terminal and protocol developed by the

Control Data Corporation Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer company that in the 1960s was one of the nine major U.S. computer companies, which group included IBM, the Burroughs Corporation, and the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), the N ...

for their

CDC 6000 series The CDC 6000 series is a discontinued family of mainframe computers manufactured by Control Data Corporation in the 1960s. It consisted of the CDC 6200, CDC 6300, #Versions, CDC 6400, #Versions, CDC 6500, CDC 6600 and #Versions, CDC 6700 computers, ...

and CDC 3000 series mainframe computers in the 1960s. A 200 USER Terminal consisted of a low speed punched card reader, a line printer, and a CRT operators console. It typically communicated with a remote mainframe via synchronous modem. The software subsystem on the mainframe side was called Export-Import 200, and later, the Remote Batch Facility (RBF). Other remote batch terminals using the UT200 protocol included the CDC 731, 732, and 734. Software emulators for the UT200 protocol were also written for a number of minicomputer systems.

Network Job Entry

RJE is well suited to organizations that had a single large central computer center. However, in large organizations with multiple data centers, there was an interest in a peer-to-peer transfer of, e.g., submitted jobs, printer output. Following customer requests, IBM developed a suite of facilities, derived from BITNET and VNET, known as Network Job Entry. As part of that software, IBM provided commands to transmit datasets among nodes (complexes of computers with a collective name). NJE allows a batch job to control where it would run and where its output would be processed; similarly, NJE allows an interactive user to send printed or punched output to a different node. IBM has integrated NJE facilities into its mainframe software, and it is no longer available as separate products. However, the NJE support in JES3 requires the Batch Data Transmission (BDT) program product and the NJE support in z/VM requires the Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem ( RSCS) program product. NJE supports Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC), Channel-to-channel adapter (CTCA), Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and

connections among its nodes.

Notes

External links

Barr/RJE Host Definition Guide

cq-comm.com - CQ Communications CQEE

References

{{Reflist , refs= {{cite manual , title = Network Job Entry (NJE) Formats and Protocols , id = SA32-0988-00 , edition = First , date = 2014 , publisher = IBM , url = https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.hasa600/toc.htm {{cite manual , title = OS/Virtual Storage 1 Features Supplement , section = Remote Entry Services , id = GC20-1752-0 , publisher = IBM , edition = First , date = August 1972 , page = 33 , url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/OS_VS1/GC20-1752-0_OS_VS1_Features_Supplement_Aug72.pdf {{cite manual , title = OS /VS1 Planning and Use Guide VS1 Release 2 , id = GC24-5090-1 , section = Remote Entry Services (RES) , edition = Second , date = January 1973 , page = 18 , url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/OS_VS1/GC24-5090-1_OS_VS1_Planning_and_Use_Guide_Jan73.pdf {{cite manual , publisher = IBM , title = OS/VS2 HASP II Version 4 System Programmer's Guide Program 370H-TX-001 , id = GC27-6992 {{cite manual , publisher = IBM , title = IBM System/360 Operating System Remote Job Entry Program Number 360S-RC-536 , id = C30-2006-2 , url = http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/rje/C30-2006-2_RmJobEntry_Nov68.pdf , date = November 1968 {{cite manual , publisher = IBM , title = IBM System/36D Operating System: Conversational Remote Job Entry Concepts and Facilities , id = GC30-2012-0 , url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/rje/GC30-2012-0_CRJE_Concepts_and_Facilities_Jun70.pdf {{cite manual , publisher = IBM , title = IBM System/360 and System/370 Asymmetric Multiprocessing System: General Information Manual, Program Number 360A-CX-15X , id = GH20-1173 {{cite manual , title = Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem Networking Program Reference and Operations Manual , id = SH24-5005-2 , edition = Third , date = April 1982 , url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/RSCS/SH24-5005-2_Remote_Spooling_Communications_Subsystem_Networking_Program_Reference_and_Operations_Manual_Apr82.pdf {{cite IETF , last = Braden , first = R. , first2= S. , last2=Wolfe , title = NETRJS - A THIRD LEVEL PROTOCOL FOR REMOTE JOB ENTRY , rfc = 88 , publisher =

IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet standard, Internet and is responsible for the technical standards that make up the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster ...

, date=January 1971 {{cite IETF , last = Braden , first = R. T. , title = CCN AS A NETWORK SERVICE CENTER , rfc = 90 , publisher =

, date=January 1971 {{cite IETF , last = Postel , first = J. , title = ASSIGNED NUMBERS , rfc = 739 , publisher =

, date=November 1977 {{cite IETF , last = Postel , first = J. , first2= J. , last2=Vernon , title = ASSIGNED NUMBERS , rfc = 820 , publisher =

, date=January 1983 Job scheduling Internet protocols