Fairburn Ings Nature Reserve is a protected area in West Yorkshire, England, noted for its avian biodiversity. The reserve has recorded around 280 bird species, remarkable for an inland site in the United Kingdom. This is explained by the site being on migration routes as well as the diversity of

habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...

History

It was designated a local nature reserve in 1957 under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949). Since the late 1970s it has been managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) on behalf of the local naturalists who set it up.

Geography

The reserve is in the Lower Aire Valley, south and west of Fairburn, near Castleford. It includes the whole of Fairburn & Newton Ings SSSI. It is also a Statutory Bird Sanctuary (one of only 10 in England) with a focus mainly on wildfowl and waders, although many other birds can be seen. The word '' ings'' (singular ''ing'') is of Old Norse origin and means "damp or marshy land that floods", a reference to the area being flooded regularly by the River Aire. Lying alongside the River Aire, the nature reserve includes a large lake and a number of smaller lakes, ponds and dikes. The area has been the scene of industrial and mining operations for 150 years, and, although the valley floods naturally, the permanent waterbodies are the result of subsidence of former coal-mine workings, up to underground, providing habitats for wildfowl and many other birds. The site is bordered by predominantly arable farmland to the north and east, and urban environments to the south and west. One third of the site has been developed from 26 million cubic metres of colliery spoil which have been landscaped to create a large complex of herb rich grassland, wetlands and woodland. Habitats at Fairburn Ings include flood meadows, wet fenland, marsh and reed bed, woodland and scrub. Listed in terms of the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan, the reserve contains: * UK BAP habitats: ** mesotrophic lakes, **reedbed, **lowland meadow. * BAP species of these habitats include: grey partridge (''Perdix perdix''), European turtle dove (''Streptopelia turtur''), Eurasian skylark (''Alauda arvense''), song thrush (''Turdus philatelist''), Eurasian tree sparrow (''Passer montanus''), linnet (''Carduelis cannabina''),

Eurasian bullfinch The Eurasian bullfinch, common bullfinch or bullfinch (''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'') is a small passerine bird in the finch family, Fringillidae. In Anglophone Europe it is known simply as the bullfinch (English regional, Shropshire: plum bird), as it ...

(''Pyrrhula pyorrhoea''), reed bunting (''Emberiza schoeniclus''), corn bunting (''Milaria calandra''), water vole (''Arvicola terrestris'' ) and pipistrelle bat (''Pipistrellus pippistrellus''). Birds of conservation concern of these habitats include: the black-necked grebe (''Podiceps nigrocollis''), garganey (''Spatula querquedula''), Common redshank (''Tringa totanus''), whooper swan (''Cygnus cygnus'') and

European golden plover The European golden plover (''Pluvialis apricaria''), also known as the Eurasian golden plover, or just the golden plover within Europe, is a relatively large species of plover. This species is similar to two other golden plovers, the American ...

(''Pluvialis apricalia'').

Visitor facilities

There is a visitor centre and five hides. Entrance to the reserve is free but there is a charge for car parking.

Gallery

File:Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve 01.jpg, Looking out across the ings File:Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve 02.jpg, Looking down towards the River Aire File:Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve 03.jpg, The walk across the disused coal mining area

References

External links