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In early
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
, a ''qāṣṣ'' (plural ''quṣṣāṣ'') was a preacher or "sermoniser" who told stories ostensibly to edify the faithful. The term comes from the
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
verb ''qaṣṣa'', meaning "to recount". The ''qāṣṣ'' was essentially a popular storyteller and the reputation among
Islamic scholars In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
of the early ''quṣṣāṣ'' has generally been that of "second-rate religious figures lingering on the fringes of Islamic orthodoxy and even, at times, contributing directly to the corruption of the faith". In actuality, the ''quṣṣāṣ'' varied on a spectrum from serious
Qurʾān The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God in Islam, God. It is organized in 114 surah, cha ...
ic exegetes to outright charlatans. According to
al-Maqrīzī Al-Maqrīzī or Maḳrīzī (Arabic: ), whose full name was Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: ) (1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian Arab historian during the Mamluk era, kn ...
, writing in the fifteenth century, there was a distinction between the private ''qāṣṣ'' and the official ''qāṣṣ''. The office was instituted by the Caliph
Muʿāwiya I Mu'awiya I ( ar, معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years after the deat ...
. So far the only traces found of these official ''quṣṣāṣ'' come from Egypt. There the office was typically held by a ''
qāḍī A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...
'' (judge). His job was to denounce the enemies of Islam after the morning prayer each day and to explain the Qurʾān after the ''
khuṭba ''Khutbah'' ( ar, خطبة ''khuṭbah'', tr, hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition. Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools. The Islamic traditi ...
'' on Fridays. The official ''qāṣṣ'' was replaced in the tenth century by the '' wāʿiẓ'' and the '' mudhakkir''.


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* * {{refend Religious honorifics Islamic terminology Arabic words and phrases