Qutuqa Beki (; ) — was a 13th century chief of the

Oirats Oirats ( mn, Ойрад, ''Oirad'', or , Oird; xal-RU, Өөрд; zh, 瓦剌; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia. Histor ...

who played major role on formation of

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...

Biography

The first mentions of Qutuqa Beki in ''

The Secret History of the Mongols ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal fam ...

'' date back to 1201, when a number of rulers of the Mongol tribes, including the Oirats, swore allegiance to Jamukha and chose him as a ''

gurkhan Gurkhan () was a Mongol title meaning "Universal Ruler" and roughly equivalent to the older term ''khagan''. It was held by the rulers of the Western Liao dynasty in the 13th century. The title was first adopted by Yelü Dashi (Emperor Dezong of W ...

'', pledging to fight against

Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...

. According to a story, he along with the Naiman king

Buyruq Khan Buyruq khan () — was the younger son of Inanch Bilge and a brother of Tayang khan. Reign After his father's death, he split off with a faction of Naimans to rule just south of the Altai Mountains, near the source of the Ulungur river, while ...

, used a ''jada'' or "

thunder stone Thunderstone or Thunder Stone may refer to: *Thunderstone (folklore), a worked stone object often associated with a thunder god *Thunderstone (fossil), the fossilised rostra of a belemnoid *Thunderstone (band), a Finnish power metal band ** ''Thund ...

" to unleash a powerful storm on

Genghis ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr /> Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...

' army. But the magical ploy backfired when an unexpected wind blew the storm back at Qutuqa. Buyruq, troubled by this storm, left the alliance and retreated to the south side of the

Altai Mountains The Altai Mountains (), also spelled Altay Mountains, are a mountain range in Central Asia, Central and East Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan converge, and where the rivers Irtysh and Ob River, Ob have their headwaters. The m ...

. Subsequently, Genghis Khan defeated Jamukha and the Naimans, but the Oirats had not yet been conquered by the time the Mongol Empire was formed in 1206. Nevertheless, when in 1207 Genghis Khan gave his eldest son

Jochi Jochi Khan ( Mongolian: mn, Зүчи, ; kk, Жошы, Joşy جوشى; ; crh, Cuçi, Джучи, جوچى; also spelled Juchi; Djochi, and Jöchi c. 1182– February 1227) was a Mongol army commander who was the eldest son of Temüjin (aka G ...

the order to conquer the "''forest peoples''", Qutuqa was one of the first to obey, arriving with 10,000 Oirat soldiers. He then proceeded to the khan's court and submitted personally, having received such a powerful ally, Genghis married two women from his family to Qutuqa's children, thus starting one of the most fruitful alliances in Mongol history. He led an attack on Botokhoi Targun, chieftess of Khori-Tumed but was captured. Later he was given Botokhui as his concubine after Genghis Khan led an attack on them personally and subdued.

Family

He had at least 3 children, all married into ruling Borjigin clan, however sources differ on which son married whom: # Toralchi Güregen — according to ''

'' was married Holuikhan (daughter of

), but according to ''The Compendium of Chronicles'' he was given hand of Checheyigen (daughter of

) ## Buqa Temür — commander of a tümen in

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, ...

##* Chupan — married to Nomoghan, daughter of

Ariq Böke Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka ( mn, Аригбөх, Arigböh, ; ), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the ...

and Qutuqta Khatun ##* Jagir (or Chakar) — married to Manggugan Khatun, daughter of

Hulagu Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulegu ( mn, Хүлэгү/ , lit=Surplus, translit=Hu’legu’/Qülegü; chg, ; Arabic: fa, هولاکو خان, ''Holâku Khân;'' ; 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of West ...

##** Taraghai Güregen — married to Manggugan Khatun, daughter of

levirate Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow. Levirate marriage has been practiced by societies with a strong clan structure in which exogamous marriage (i.e. marriage out ...

, then Ara Qutlugh, daughter of

Möngke Temür Möngke Temür ( or ) or Dudu Mengtemu ( Manchu: ;遼寧省檔案館『滿州實錄上函』 ) (1370–1433) was a Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sunggari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the t ...

##* Tolun Khatun — married to

Jumghur Jumghur () was the second son of Hulagu. Although according to some researchers, he may have been the eldest one. Life He was born to Hulagu and his Oirat wife Guyuk Khatun in 1234. He was descended from Genghis Khan on both sides: Hulagu was ...

before 1270s, then Tekshin (until 12 September 1271), both sons of Hulagu ## Börtö'a — married to Princess Yixiji (),Du_Rongkun_[杜榮坤
and_Bai_Cuiqin_[白翠琴.html" ;"title="��榮坤">Du Rongkun [杜榮坤
and Bai Cuiqin [白翠琴">��榮坤">Du Rongkun [杜榮坤
and Bai Cuiqin [白翠琴 ''2008''. Xi Menggu shi yanjiu [西蒙古史研究 A History of the Western Mongols]] daughter of Genghis Khan ##* Uluq ##* Rachin ## Bars Buqa — married to El-Temür, daughter of

Tolui Tolui (also Toluy, Tului; , meaning: "the mirror"; – 1232) was a Mongol khan, the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun, Börte. At his father's death in 1227, his ''Orda (organization), ulus'', or territorial inheritance, was the ...

and Linqgun Khatun (daughter of Kuchlug) ##* Shirab and Beglamish ##** Toq-Temür (unknown father) — married Emegen, daughter of Malik Temür, son of

##* Emegen Khatun — married to Malik Temür, son of

## Elchikmish Khatun — married to

, then his son Nairaqu Buqa ##* Ashiqtai (with Nairaqu) ## Orghana Khatun — married to Chagatai ## Güyük Khatun — married

## Öljei Khatun — married

, then

Abaqa Abaqa Khan (27 February 1234 – 4 April 1282, mn, Абаха/Абага хан (Khalkha Cyrillic), ( Traditional script), "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (''Ilkhan'') of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hul ...

## Küchü Khatun — married

Toqoqan Toqoqan was a member of the ruling family of the Mongol Empire. He was a son of the Khan of the Golden Horde, Batu. Through his father, he was also a great-grandson of the Mongol emperor Genghis Khan. Though Toqoqan never reigned himself, many su ...

###

Mengu-Timur Munkh Tumur or Möngke Temür ( mn, ᠮᠦᠨᠺᠬᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Мөнхтөмөр; russian: Мангутемир, Mangutemir) (?–1280), son of Toqoqan Khan and Köchu Khatun of Oirat (daughter of Toralchi Küregen and granddaughter of ...

### Tode Mongke # Inalchi — according to ''

'' was married Checheyigen (daughter of

), but according to ''The Compendium of Chronicles'' he was given hand of Holuikhan (daughter of

) ## Buduz ##* Negütai ##* Aqu Temür # Oghul Tutmish — initially planned to marry

, but after his death was married to Möngke ## Shirin ## Bichige

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qutuqa Beki 13th-century Mongolian people 13th-century Mongol rulers Oirats