Qutb Al-Din Ibn 'Izz Al-Din

The term () means 'axis', 'pivot', or 'pole'. Qutb can refer to celestial movements and be used as an astronomical term or a spiritual symbol.

In Sufism, a is the perfect human being, ''al-Insān al-Kāmil'' ('The Universal Man'), who leads the saintly hierarchy. The is the Sufi spiritual leader who has a divine connection with God and passes knowledge on which makes him central to, or the axis of, Sufism, but he is unknown to the world. There are five s per era, and they are infallible and trusted spiritual leaders. They are only revealed to a select group of mystics because there is a "human need for direct knowledge of God".

According to the Institute of Ismaili Studies, "In mystical literature, such as the writings of al–Tirmidhi, Abd al–Razzaq and Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), [] refers to the most perfect human being who is thought to be the universal leader of all saints, to mediate between the divine and the human and whose presence is deemed necessary for the existence of the world."

Scriptural evidence

In the teachings of Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, there is evidence to suggest that the is the head of the saintly hierarchy which provides scriptural evidence to support the belief in the . The hadīth attributed to Ibn Mas‘ūd has been used as proof that a exists.

Temporal and cosmic

Temporal

There are two different conceptions of the in Sufism: temporal and cosmic . The temporal and cosmic qutb are connected, which guarantees that God is present in the world at all times. The temporal is known as "the helper" or ''al-ghawth'' and is located in a person on Earth. The cosmic is manifested in the temporal as a virtue which can be traced back to al-Hallaj. The temporal is the spiritual leader for the earth-bound saints. It is said that all beings - secret, animate, and inanimate - must give the their pledge which gives him great authority. The Only beings exempt from this are ''al-afrād'', which belong to the angels; the ''djinn'', who are under the jurisdiction of Khadir; and those who belong to the tenth stratum of ''ridjālal-ghayb''.

Due to the nature of the , the location where he resides, whether temporal or cosmic, is a matter of learned speculation. It is thought by most that the is corporeally or spiritually present in Mecca at the Ka'ba, which is referred to as his ''maqām''.

Sufi language forms a notable style of writing in Persian, which is full of novel spiritual ideas and metaphors, demonstrating a need to refrain from taking its words literally, if such should seem contrary to the teachings of Islam.

Cosmic

The cosmic is the ''Axis of the Universe'' in a higher dimension from which originates the power (ultimately from Allah) of the temporal .

The cosmic hierarchy of the

The cosmic hierarchy forms the manifestation of the way in which spiritual power underpins the existence of the cosmos. Two descriptions of the hierarchy come from notable Sufis. The first is Ali Hujwiri's divine court. There are three hundred ''akhyār'' ("excellent ones"), forty '' abdāl'' ("substitutes"), seven ''abrār'' ("piously devoted ones"), four ''awtād'' ("pillars") three ''nuqabā'' ("leaders") and one qutb.

The second version is Ibn Arabī’s which has a different, more exclusive structure. There are eight ''nujabā'' ("nobles"), twelve ''nuqabā'', seven ''abdāl'', four ''awtād'', two ''a’immah'' ("guides"), and the .

People named Qutb

For those named Qutb ad-Din, with many variant transliterations, see Qutb ad-Din.

Buildings

* Qutb complex, a group of monuments and buildings at Mehrauli in Delhi, India
* Qutb Minar, a tall brick minaret in Delhi, India

Notes

References

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Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names
Sufism