Quilapayún () are a

folk music Folk music is a music genre that includes #Traditional folk music, traditional folk music and the Contemporary folk music, contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be ca ...

group from

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the ''

Nueva Canción Chilena Nueva is the Spanish feminine form of the word for "new" and may refer to: * Isla Nueva, an uninhabited island in Chile * The Nueva School, a school in Hillsborough, California, USA * Nueva (Llanes), a parish in Llanes, Asturias, Spain * Nueva, a ...

'' movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution that occurred in the popular music of the country under the Popular Unity Government of

Salvador Allende Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until Death of Salvador Allende, his death in 1973 Chilean coup d'état, 1973. As a ...

. Since its formation and during its forty-year history both in Chile and during its lengthy period of exile in France the group has seen modifications to its personnel lineup and the subject and content of its work. Controversy regarding irreconcilable differences with the current and former group directors led to the division into two distinctive Quilapayún ensembles; one in Chile (Quilapayún-Histórico) and one in France (Quilapayún-France).

History

Quilapayún originated in 1965 when

Julio Numhauser Julio Numhauser is a Chilean musician of the Nueva Canción-movement. He founded the folk music group Quilapayún in 1965 together with the brothers, Julio Carrasco and Eduardo Carrasco, where he stayed until 1967. 1968 he founded the folk music ...

and the brothers Julio and

Eduardo Carrasco Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapayún - and the group's musical director from 1969 to 1989. ...

formed a folk music trio, which they simply called "the three bearded men" (viz. ''Quila-Payún'') in the

Mapuche The Mapuche ( , ) also known as Araucanians are a group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging e ...

language (viz.

Mapudungun Mapuche ( , ; from 'land' and 'people', meaning 'the people of the land') or Mapudungun (from 'land' and 'speak, speech', meaning 'the speech of the land'; also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu) is either a language isolate or member of the s ...

– the language of the people native to the region that is now the south of

, the Araucanians). Their first public performances were at the

Universidad de Chile The University of Chile () is a public research university in Santiago Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile (), is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the co ...

Valparaíso Valparaíso () is a major city, Communes of Chile, commune, Port, seaport, and naval base facility in the Valparaíso Region of Chile. Valparaíso was originally named after Valparaíso de Arriba, in Castilla–La Mancha, Castile-La Mancha, Spain ...

, organized by their first musical director, Ángel Parra (son of

Violeta Parra Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a renewal and a ...

). In 1966 the group won notice for its

Andean music Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in South America. Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by Quechua people, Quechuas (originally from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile), Aymara people, Aymar ...

as well as the members' black

poncho A poncho (; ; ; "blanket", "woolen fabric") is a kind of plainly formed, loose outer garment originating in the Americas, traditionally and still usually made of fabric, and designed to keep the body warm. Ponchos have been used by the Indige ...

s, which became the group's trademark. During this time they won their first prize, La Guitarra de Oro (The Golden Guitar) in the Primer Festival Nacional del Folklore "Chile Múltiple" (First National Festival of Folklore). They also made their first recording, appearing on one song of Ángel Parra, "El Pueblo" ("The People"). At a 1966 performance in Valparaíso, the group met with

Víctor Jara Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez (; 28 September 1932 – 16 September 1973) was a Chilean teacher, theatre director, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and PCCh, Communist political activist. He developed Chilean theater by directing a bro ...

, with whom the group maintained a close and productive artistic association for many years. At the request of the group, Jara became Quilapayún's musical director and worked on the group's discipline and stage performances, and the style and content of the music. Jara presented them to the record label

Odeon Records Odeon Records is a record label founded in 1903 by Max Straus and Heinrich Zuntz of the International Talking Machine Company in Berlin, Germany. The label's name and logo come from the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe in Paris. History Straus a ...

, where they recorded five LPs. Their first album, ''

Quilapayún Quilapayún () are a folk music group from Chile and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the ''Nueva canción, Nueva Canción Chilena'' movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with t ...

'', was basically an

album, but included songs of Ángel Parra, Víctor Jara and new compositions of

such as "La Paloma" and "El canto del cuculi". In 1967 Quilapayún recorded an album together with Víctor Jara, '' Canciones folklóricas de América'' (''Folk Songs of America''). During this time Julio Numhauser left the group over disputes over the group's style of music, and was replaced by Guillermo "Willy" Oddó. During 1967 they also toured the USSR, Italy, France and other parts of Europe, and recorded an LP with the Chilean painter and poet Juan Capra. In 1968, Quilapayún participated in the launch of a new record label of ''La Jota'' ( Chile's Communist Party Youth Organization). To the surprise of many commercial record labels, their LP '' X Vietnam'', which included songs from the Spanish Revolution, became a nationwide success. This album established the group's thematic and aesthetics, and created great interest and a following among progressive youth. From the success of this album the label DICAP (Discoteca del Cantar Popular) appeared, which became the springboard of the ''Nueva Canción Chilena'' (New Chilean Song) movement. DICAP recorded up to 60 musical productions until the military coup of September 11, 1973, which banned and literally destroyed the record label. During 1968 Julio Carrasco left the group for political differences, and was replaced by Hernan Gomez. At that time they performed at various universities, and made, with Victor Jara, their first two-hour show during two days in Santiago, which was a tremendous success. In 1969 they recorded the '' Basta'' LP, which included an eclectic and highly political collection of songs from different parts of the world, establishing the fundamental element of the New Chilean Song: its

Internationalism Internationalism may refer to: * Cosmopolitanism, the view that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality as opposed to communitarianism, patriotism and nationalism * International Style, a major architectura ...

. This album was released with a lengthy statement by the group about the nature of their work and their commitment to the socialist cause. Rodolfo Parada joined the group at this time. In 1969 they also appeared supporting Víctor Jara on his album, '' Pongo en tus manos abiertas'' (''Into your open hands'') in songs such as "A

Cochabamba Cochabamba (; ) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital (political), capital of the Cochabamba Department and the list of cities in Bolivia, fourth largest city in Bolivia, with ...

Me Voy", "El Martillo" and "Movil Oil Special". They also joined Jara at the ''Primer Festival de la Nueva Cancion Chilena'' (First Festival of the New Chilean Song), where they jointly interpreted "Plegaria a un Labrador" (Prayer to a Laborer), which won the festival award. After three years Víctor Jara and Quilapayún took different paths, and

became the group's director. Quilapayún was forced into exile in France after the right-wing military coup of 1973. The group settled in the city of Colombes, France, for more than 15 years. Their major works include '' Santa María de Iquique'' (1970), an album of spoken history, songs, and instrumentals about a notorious massacre in the city of

Iquique Iquique () is a port List of cities in Chile, city and Communes of Chile, commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the At ...

, and the song " El pueblo unido jamás será vencido" ("The people, united, will never be defeated"), with lyrics by Quilapayún and music by famed Chilean songwriter and playwright Sergio Ortega.

Split

Quilapayún's path has been marked by internal issues over the years, with some members leaving and others taking their place. In 1987 Willy Oddo, its most charismatic member, decided to leave France to be closer to Chile. He chose to live in Argentina. In October 1988, Pinochet was overthrown by a referendum. After 15 years of exile Quilapayun could return to Chile and performed tours in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1992. In 1989 Eduardo Carrasco returned to Chile while most of the group continued to live in France and perform around the world. In November 1991 Willy Oddo was murdered by an offender in Santiago. After Rodolfo Parada registered the name "Quilapayún" without the authorization of the other members, other historic members refused to continue with Parada and Wang, resulting in the group splitting into two, both claiming the name and legacy of Quilapayún, and leading to subsequent litigation. The Chile-based historic faction is celebrating the group's 40 year anniversary performing concerts in Chile, Latin America and Europe, together with the "historic" version of Inti-Illimani, another important Chilean group. These joint concerts have been advertised and promoted as

Inti+Quila Inti is the ancient Inca mythology, Inca solar deity, sun god. He is revered as the national Tutelary deity, patron of the Inca state. Although most consider Inti the sun god, he is more appropriately viewed as a cluster of solar aspects, since t ...

. The current "historic" lineup includes Eduardo Carrasco, Rubén Escudero, Ricardo Venegas, Guillermo García, Ismael Oddó (son of Guillermo "Willy" Oddó), Hugo Lagos, Hernán Gómez, Carlos Quezada and Sebastián Quezada (son of Carlos). On December 5, 2007, the

Court of Appeal of Paris The Court of Appeal of Paris (, ) is the largest appeals court in France in terms of the number of cases brought before it. Its jurisdiction covers the departments of Paris, Essonne, Yonne, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne. ...

forbade Parada and Wang's group "from making use of the name QUILAPAYÚN, subject to a fine of 10 000 euros per infringement". This judgement was confirmed by the Highest Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation de Paris) on June 11, 2009. In 2015 the band's career reached its fiftieth year and both factions celebrated this anniversary. Parada's group performed three big shows at the end August in Santiago, together with other well-known Chilean artists while the "historic" faction made a big concert in front of Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago and announced several other anniversary concerts in Chile, Colombia and Spain on its website. In November 2015, the Chilean trademark conflict ended, since the Instituto Nacional de Patentes Industriales (INAPI), after a thirteen years process gave the exclusive right for using the mark "Quilapayun" to the group headed by Carrasco.http://ion.inapi.cl:8080/Marca/BuscarMarca.aspx Register number: 1185441

Notable members

: wind instruments (

quena The quena (hispanicized spelling of Quechua ''qina'', sometimes also written ''kena'' in English) is the traditional flute of the Andes. Traditionally made of cane or wood, it has 6 finger holes and one thumb hole, and is open on both ends or ...

, pincuyo,

zampoña Siku (, , also sicu, sicus, zampolla or ) is a traditional Andes, Andean panpipe. This instrument is the main instrument used in a musical genre known as sikuri. It is traditionally found all across the Andes but is more typically associated wit ...

etc.); voice:

bass Bass or Basses may refer to: Fish * Bass (fish), various saltwater and freshwater species Wood * Bass or basswood, the wood of the tilia americana tree Music * Bass (sound), describing low-frequency sound or one of several instruments in th ...

* Carlos Quezada: percussion instruments, guitar; voice:

tenor A tenor is a type of male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second B below m ...

* Guillermo "Willy" Oddó: guitar, percussion instruments; voice: baritenor (died in 1991) * Hernán Gomez: guitar,

charango The charango is a small Andes, Andean stringed instrument of the lute family, from the Quechua people, Quechua and Aymara people, Aymara populations in the territory of the Altiplano in post-Colonial times, after European stringed instruments we ...

; voice:

bass-baritone A bass-baritone is a high-lying bass or low-lying "classical" baritone voice type which shares certain qualities with the true baritone voice. The term arose in the late 19th century to describe the particular type of voice required to sing three ...

. * Hugo Lagos: string instruments, quena, zampoña; voice:

baritone A baritone is a type of classical music, classical male singing human voice, voice whose vocal range lies between the bass (voice type), bass and the tenor voice type, voice-types. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the ...

* Guillermo García: guitar, percussion instruments; voice: baritone * Ricardo Venegas Carhart: bass guitar, quena, baritone *

Victor Jara The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

(murdered by Pinochet military, Sept. 16, 1973)

Discography

Studio albums

* ''

'' (1966) * '' Canciones folklóricas de América'' (1967) (Quilapayún &

) * '' X Vietnam'' (1968) * ''Quilapayún Tres'' (1968) * '' Basta'' (1969) * ''Quilapayún Cuatro'' (1970) * '' Cantata Santa María de Iquique'' (1970) (Quilapayún & Héctor Duvauchelle) * ''Vivir como él'' (1971) * ''Quilapayún Cinco'' (1972) * ''La Fragua'' (1973) (text and music by Sergio Ortega) * ''El pueblo unido jamás será vencido (Yhtenäistä Kansaa Ei Voi)'' (1974) * '' El Pueblo Unido Jamás Será Vencido'' (1975) * ''Adelante'' (1975) * '' Patria'' (1976) * ''La marche et le drapeau'' (1977) * '' Hart voor Chili'' (various artists) (1977) * ''Cantata Santa María de Iquique (Nueva versión)'' (1978) (Quilapayún &

Jean-Louis Barrault Jean-Louis Bernard Barrault (; 8 September 1910 – 22 January 1994) was a French actor, director and mime artist who worked on both screen and stage. Biography Barrault was born in Le Vésinet in France in 1910. His father was 'a Burgundi ...

) * ''Umbral'' (1979) * ''Darle al otoño un golpe de ventana...'' (1980) * ''La revolución y las estrellas'' (1982) * ''Tralalí Tralalá'' (1984) * ''Survarío'' (1987) * ''Los tres tiempos de América'' (1988) (Quilapayún +

Paloma San Basilio Paloma Cecilia San Basilio Martínez (born 22 November 1950), known as Paloma San Basilio (), is a Spanish singer. She is a recipient of the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for her valuable contributions to Latin music. She has sold ov ...

) * ''Latitudes'' (1992) * ''Al horizonte'' (1999) * ''Siempre'' (2007) * ''Solistas'' (2009) * ''Encuentros'' (2013)

Live albums

* ''Enregistrement public'' (1977) * ''Alentours'' (1980) * ''Quilapayún en Argentina'' (1983) (Live in Argentina) * ''Quilapayún en Argentina Vol II'' (1985) (Live in Argentina Vol. II) * ''Quilapayún en Chile'' (1989) (Live in Chile) * ''A Palau'' (2003) * ''El Reencuentro'' (2004) * ''Musica en la Memoria - Juntos en Chile'' (2005) ( Inti-Illimani + Quilapayún)

Compilations

* ''

Quilapayún Chante Neruda ''Quilapayún Chante Neruda'' is a compilation music album released by Quilapayún in exile in France in 1983 in commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the death of the Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda – who died in September 1973. ...

'' (1983) * ''Antología 1968-1992'' (1998) * ''La vida contra la muerte'' ife against death(2005) * ''La fuerza de la historia'' he force of history(2006)

References and other sources

Section: Historia / 1965-1970 / Los Orígenes
of www.quilapayun.org 2006
Section: Discografía de Quilapayún
of www.trovadores.net 2006

External links

* http://www.quilapayun.com

Resources in Spanish

Quilapayún (official website of Chile faction

Nueva Cancion Chilena Singers discography - Inter alia

Letras/Textos

- songs of Quilapayún dedicated to

Ernesto Che Guevara Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14th May 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a u ...

Resources in English

Eye For Talent - The Best in World Music

''Chile: The Siege of Santa Maria de Iquique - A People's Cantata''
at

Smithsonian Folkways Smithsonian Folkways is the nonprofit record label of the Smithsonian Institution. It is a part of the Smithsonian's Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, located at Capital Gallery in downtown Washington, D.C. The label was f ...

Art depictions of Jara
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quilapayun Andean music Chilean folk musical groups Latin music groups Musical groups established in 1965 Nueva canción musicians 1965 establishments in Chile