Qawi Näcmi (, , , ; 15 December 1901 – 24 March 1957) was a Soviet-Tatar poet, novelist, translator, and journalist. From his work ''Yazğı cillär'' (“Spring Winds”), Näcmi received the Stalin Prize in 1951. The novel was recognized as "a great achievement of multinational Soviet literature and translated into 26 languages of the Soviet people".

Biography

Qawi Näcmi (Näcmetdinov) was born on , in the village of Qızıl Ataw () in a

muezzin The muezzin (; ), also spelled mu'azzin, is the person who proclaims the call to the daily prayer ( ṣalāt) five times a day ( Fajr prayer, Zuhr prayer, Asr prayer, Maghrib prayer and Isha prayer) at a mosque from the minaret. The muezzin ...

's family. From 1910 he lived in Aktyubinsk, where his parents moved; he worked as a laborer on a farm (1913–1915), then as a packer at a soap factory (1916–1917). Here in 1917 he graduated from the Russian-Tatar school. In 1917–1919, he worked as a teacher in his native village. In 1919–1939, Qawi Näcmi was a

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

soldier, cadet, teacher, commissar of a military school and executive editor of the ' (), the district Red Army newspaper. In 1933–1934 was the chief editor of ' () magazine. At the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934, Näcmi was elected a member of the board of the

Union of Soviet Writers The Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writers () was a creative union of professional writers in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1934 on the initiative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1932) a ...

. In 1934–1937, he was the first chairman of the board of the Union of Writers of

Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Tatar ASSR or TASSR, was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR. The resolution for its crea ...

. Since 1937 he was a professional writer. Removed from all positions and arrested in 1937 on charges of "preparing a military counter-revolutionary rebellion". Sentenced to 10 years in prison, but in 1939 the case was dismissed for lack of evidence, and Näcmi was released. In 1942–1945 worked as head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Tatar Republican Committee for Radio and Broadcasting under the Council of People's Commissars of the TASSR, and in 1947–1949 in the editorial office of ''Sovyet ädäbiyätı'' magazine. Qawi Näcmi died on March 24, 1957, in Kazan. He was buried at Kazan's next to Salix Säydäş and Qayum Nasıyri.

Works

Collections of poems: ''Öyermälär'' (, ''Whirlwinds'', 1925), ''Atakağa'' (, ''To the Attack'', 1942), novels: ''Şobağa'' (, ''Lot'', 1926), ''Yar buyındağı uçaqlar'' (, ''Coastal Fires'', 1929, both about the Civil War in Russia), ''Yaqtı suqmaq'' (, ''Bright Path'', 1926), about collectivization), the historical-revolutionary novel ''Yazğı cillär'' (, ''Spring Winds'', 1950; for the last one he was awarded Stalin Prize in 1951). Translated into Tatar works of

Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...

Mikhail Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov ( , ; rus, Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов, , mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjʉrʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲerməntəf, links=yes; – ) was a Russian Romanticism, Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called ...

Alexander Blok Alexander Alexandrovich Blok ( rus, Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Бло́к, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈblok, a=Ru-Alyeksandr Alyeksandrovich Blok.oga; 7 August 1921) was a Russian lyrical poet, writer, publ ...

, Samuil Marshak, Ivan Franko and others; also translated Musa Сälil's '' Moabit Notebooks'' into Russian. Näcmi's complete works in 4 volumes were published in 1981–1984.

Family and relatives

Qäwi Näcmi was married to , also a writer and translator. Their son, , was a university professor. Näcmi's brother Räşit was a renowned chess player, better known as IM

Rashid Nezhmetdinov Rashid Gibyatovich Nezhmetdinov (, Tatar: '', Räşit Hibät ulı Näcmetdinov''; ; 15 December 1912 – 3 June 1974) was a Soviet chess player, chess writer, International Master and checkers player. Although he never attained the title of G ...

. His uncle, , was an

imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

and

State Duma The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly of Russia, with the upper house being the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council. It was established by the Constitution of Russia, Constitution of t ...

deputy.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Näcmi, Qäwi 1901 births 1957 deaths 20th-century pseudonymous writers People from Nizhny Novgorod Governorate Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the Stalin Prize Pseudonymous writers Socialist realism writers Soviet journalists Soviet male poets Soviet translators Tatar journalists Tatar poets Translators to Tatar Muslims from the Russian Empire People from Sechenovsky District