Qatar–Saudi Arabia border on:
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The Qatar–Saudi Arabia border is in length and runs from the Gulf of Bahrain coast in the west to the
Prior to the signing of the 1974 Treaty of Jeddah between
On 25 November 1935 British officials met with Ibn Saud in an attempt to finalize a frontier between the new kingdom and their coastal protectorates, including Qatar. The conference proved abortive, however, and the issue remained unresolved. According to a British document written in 1936, the prime cause of friction in the territorial dispute revolved around where Qatar's south-west borders should end. The rulers of both Qatar and Saudi Arabia claimed that their control of the Dohat Salwa area had historical precedent, however, Ibn Saud claimed that the Sheikh of Qatar had previously ceded this territory to him, to which the Sheikh denied. The letter stated:
The conference proved abortive, however, and the issue remained unresolved. In 1955, following an attempt by Saudi Arabia to assert its control over the Buraimi Oasis on the Oman–Trucial States border, Britain stated that it would unilaterally use a slightly modified version of the 1935 'Riyadh line' henceforth.
A border treaty between Qatar and Saudi Arabia was made in 1965, though the precise terms of its implementation was a long-standing point of contention between the two. In September 1992, tensions arose when Saudi forces allegedly attacked a Qatari border post, resulting in the death of two Qatari soldiers and the imprisonment of a third. According to Saudi Arabia, the attack was precipitated by Qatar moving its border post of Al-Khufus about south from its previous location during the
The Qatar–Saudi Arabia border is in length and runs from the Gulf of Bahrain coast in the west to the Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean seas, mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.Un ...
coast in the east.
Description
The border begins in the west at the Gulf of Salwah, proceeding overland via 4–5 straight lines (maps differ on the precise depiction) which forms a broad arc, terminating in the east at the Khor Al Adaid coast.Qatar–United Arab Emirates border
Prior to the signing of the 1974 Treaty of Jeddah between Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
and the UAE
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a federal elective monarchy made up of seven emirates, with Abu Dhabi serving as i ...
there was some confusion as to whether Qatar shared a border with the UAE, with maps commonly depicting a long Emirati panhandle touching Qatar. This treaty gave Saudi Arabia access to the Khor Al Adaid, thereby removing any possibility of Qatar sharing a border with the UAE.
History
Historically there was no clearly defined boundary in this part of theArabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.
Geographically, the ...
.
From 1868 Britain exercised control over Qatar as a ''de facto'' protectorate, formalized as such in 1916. The interior of Arabia consisted of loosely organized Arab groupings, occasionally forming emirates, most prominent of which was the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
The Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was the second iteration of the Third Saudi State from 1913 to 1921. It was a monarchy led by the House of Saud.Madawi Al-Rasheed. (2002). ''A History of Saudi Arabia''. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University ...
ruled by the al-Saud family.Madawi Al-Rasheed
Madawi al-Rasheed, (; born ) is a British citizen of Saudi origin and a professor of social anthropology. Al-Rasheed has held a position at the Department of Theology and Religious Studies in King's College London and as a Visiting Professor a ...
. ''A History of Saudi Arabia''. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 40. Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales
* The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...
and the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
theoretically divided their realms of influence via the so-called 'Blue
Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB color model, RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB color model, RGB (additive) colour model. It lies between Violet (color), violet and cyan on the optical spe ...
' and ' Violet lines' in 1913–14.
During the First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
an Arab revolt
The Arab Revolt ( ), also known as the Great Arab Revolt ( ), was an armed uprising by the Hashemite-led Arabs of the Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire amidst the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I.
On the basis of the McMahon–Hussein Co ...
, supported by Britain, succeeded in removing the Ottomans from much of the Middle East; in the period following this, Ibn Saud expanded his kingdom considerably, eventually proclaiming the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. Ibn Saud refused to recognize the Anglo-Ottoman lines and lay claim to large parts of the eastern Arabian hinterland (the so-called ‘Hamza line’).
On 25 November 1935 British officials met with Ibn Saud in an attempt to finalize a frontier between the new kingdom and their coastal protectorates, including Qatar. The conference proved abortive, however, and the issue remained unresolved. According to a British document written in 1936, the prime cause of friction in the territorial dispute revolved around where Qatar's south-west borders should end. The rulers of both Qatar and Saudi Arabia claimed that their control of the Dohat Salwa area had historical precedent, however, Ibn Saud claimed that the Sheikh of Qatar had previously ceded this territory to him, to which the Sheikh denied. The letter stated:
The conference proved abortive, however, and the issue remained unresolved. In 1955, following an attempt by Saudi Arabia to assert its control over the Buraimi Oasis on the Oman–Trucial States border, Britain stated that it would unilaterally use a slightly modified version of the 1935 'Riyadh line' henceforth.
A border treaty between Qatar and Saudi Arabia was made in 1965, though the precise terms of its implementation was a long-standing point of contention between the two. In September 1992, tensions arose when Saudi forces allegedly attacked a Qatari border post, resulting in the death of two Qatari soldiers and the imprisonment of a third. According to Saudi Arabia, the attack was precipitated by Qatar moving its border post of Al-Khufus about south from its previous location during the Gulf War
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.
A border agreement was reached between the two parties in 1999, and the final treaty was signed in 2001.
Following a severe deterioration in Saudi–Qatar relations in 2017 the border was shut. In June 2018 Saudi Arabia announced that it is planning on constructing the long Salwa Canal running along the Saudi side of the Salwa Border Crossing at a cost of $745 million. The canal is set to physically separate Qatar from its only land border and effectually render it an island. Media outlets in Saudi Arabia hinted at the possibility of the Saudi government dedicating portions of the canal towards a military installation and a dump site for nuclear waste.
The border was reopened on 4 January 2021. A demarcation process concluded in November 2021, which saw the southern coast of the Khor Al Adaid confirmed as lying within Qatar's borders.
Border Crossings
* Abu SamraSee also
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia relationsReferences
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qatar-Saudi Arabia border Borders of Qatar Borders of Saudi Arabia International borders