Production association (russian: Производственное объединение) was a form of the organization of industry in the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. According to the ''
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...
'', it is "a single specialized production and economic complex, which includes factories, plants, research, design, technological, and other organizations that have industrial relations with each other and centralized auxiliary and service production. The production units that make up the association are not separate legal entities". As a rule, it is managed by the management of its core enterprise, with the board of directors of its major enterprises serving as an advisory body.
[''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', article "Производственное объединение" ]
Similar associations existed in other
countries under Soviet influence, known under other terms, such as "
Kombinat
Combine (russian: Комбинат) is a term for industrial business groups, conglomerates or trusts in the former socialist countries. Examples include VEB Kombinat Robotron, an electronics manufacturer, and IFA, a manufacturer of vehicles ...
" in Poland and East Germany.
[
]
Post-Soviet times
After the regaining of the independence of Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
in 1991, all production associations created in Lithuanian SSR
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; lt, Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; russian: Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialistiche ...
were dissolved into several businesses, reorganized, or discontinued. Notable ones include toy manufacturer Neringa (dissolved), computer and computer components manufacturer (discontinued in 1991), (best known in the former Soviet Union for its stereo tape recorders; its main enterprise went bankrupt in 1993, other smaller parts were privatized, and their fates varied.„Elfos“ gamykla
/ref>), and fertilizer producer Azotas (its major plant was privatized in 1994 and in its place the joint-stock company Achema
Achema is the largest fertilizer producer in the Baltic states. It is located in the city of Jonava in central Lithuania. In 2011 Achema employed about 1700 workers and reached 2.2 billion Litas revenues (about 640 million Euros), net profit w ...
was created).
The term was preserved in the names of a number of enterprises in modern Russia and some post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also known as the former Soviet Union (FSU), the former Soviet Republics and in Russia as the near abroad (russian: links=no, ближнее зарубежье, blizhneye zarubezhye), are the 15 sovereign states that wer ...
, but it does not have any legal meaning.
See also
*
* Scientific production association
References
{{reflist
Economy of the Soviet Union
Types of business entity
Companies of the Soviet Union