Prionoglarididae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of the order

Psocodea Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. Despite the greatly differing appearance of ...

(formerly

Psocoptera Psocoptera are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocode ...

) that are barklice characterized by the reduction or simplification of the lacinia in adults and the specialised form of the male

genitalia A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. In animals, the testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, a ...

. It contains the only known genus of animals, ''

Neotrogla ''Neotrogla'' is a genus of barklice noted for its reversed sex roles and organs, traits shared by all species of the genus. Habitat ''Neotrogla'' are found in dry cave systems throughout Brazil. They feed primarily on bat guano. Description ...

'', where females possess a

penis A penis (plural ''penises'' or ''penes'' () is the primary sexual organ that male animals use to inseminate females (or hermaphrodites) during copulation. Such organs occur in many animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, but males do n ...

-like organ and take on typical male sex roles. Prionoglarididae includes about 9 genera with more than 20 known species. They have been found in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

, and the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

. The only genus found in the United States is '' Speleketor'', which includes three species: ''Speleketor flocki'', ''Speleketor irwini'', and ''Speleketor pictus''.

Genera

These eight genera belong to the family Prionoglarididae: * '' Afrotrogla'' Lienhard, 2007 * ''

'' Lienhard, Oliveira do Carmo & Lopes Ferreira, 2010 * '' Prionoglaris'' Enderlein, 1909 * '' Sensitibilla'' Lienhard, 2000 * '' Siamoglaris'' Lienhard, 2004 * '' Speleketor'' Gurney, 1943 * '' Speleopsocus'' Lienhard, 2010 * † '' Palaeosiamoglaris'' Azar, Huang & Nel, 2017

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...

, Myanmar,

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...

, and

Lebanese amber Lebanese amber is fossilized resin found in Lebanon and southwest Syria. It dates back approximately 130-125 million years to the Barremian of the Early Cretaceous. It formed on what was then the northern coast of Gondwana, believed to be a tropi ...

, Lebanon,

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

References

* Psocoptera families Trogiomorpha {{Psocoptera-stub