María del Pilar Nores Bodereau de García (born 11 March 1949) is an Argentine-born Peruvian

economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...

and the widow of former

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of ...

, she was that nation's

First Lady First lady is an unofficial title usually used for the wife, and occasionally used for the daughter or other female relative, of a non-monarchical A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state fo ...

on two occasions.

Biography

Born in

Córdoba, Argentina Córdoba () is a city in central Argentina, in the foothills of the Punilla Valley, Sierras Chicas on the Primero River, Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province, Argentina, Córdoba Province a ...

, Pilar Nores was the thirteenth of fourteen children of a traditional family; her father,

Rogelio Nores Martínez Rogelio Nores Martínez (1906–1975) was an Argentine engineer and politician. He was born in the city of Córdoba in 1906 and died in 1975. His parents were Antonio Nores and Isabel Martinez Berrotarán. Education He studied at the Faculty of E ...

, served as interim Governor of Córdoba from 1962 to 1963, and was Director of the

National University of Córdoba The National University of Córdoba ( es, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba,) is an institution of higher education in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Founded in 1613, the university is the oldest in Argentina, the third oldest university of t ...

from 1967 to 1970. She completed her primary and secondary education at the Alejandro Carbó School, obtaining her high school diploma at the

Manuel Belgrano Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He ...

High School. She enrolled at the National University of Córdoba, and earned a degree in

Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and intera ...

in 1969. She traveled in 1976 to

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

, where she attended a seminar and met

, a Peruvian lawyer and APRA activist. They were married in 1978, and returned to Peru, where Alan García was elected to

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...

in 1980, and as

in 1985. The couple had four children: three daughters, Josefina, Gabriela del Pilar and Luciana Victoria; and a son, Alan Raúl Simón. A first cousin of her father,

Víctor Hipólito Martínez Víctor Hipólito Martínez (November 21, 1924 – November 20, 2017) was an Argentine lawyer and politician, best known for his role as vice president during Raúl Alfonsín's 1983–89 tenure. Life and times Martínez was born and raised in Có ...

, served as

Vice President of Argentina The vice president of Argentina ( es, Vicepresidente de Argentina), officially known as the vice president of the Argentine Nation ( es, Vicepresidente de la Nación Argentina), is the second highest political position in Argentina, and first in ...

from 1983 to 1989. During her husband's first presidential period (1985–1990) she created and directed the non-profit ''Fundación por los Niños del Perú'' (Foundation for the Children of Peru), a

non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...

working with abandoned children. She also initiated and directed the ''Programa de Asistencia Directa'' (Direct Assistance Program), a government program promoting the economic and social development of women and infants in Peru. She created the ''Instituto Trabajo y Familia'' (Institute for Labor and Family - ITYF) in 2001, a non-profit NGO that promotes social and productive development. She started the Juvenile Violence Program to develop and implement prevention plans against

juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. In the United States of America, a juvenile delinquent is a person ...

in the most difficult districts of

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...

. Returning as First Lady upon her husband's election in 2006, Mrs. Nores de García had the First Lady's Office terminated. She instead inaugurated the ''Sembrando'' Program, a plan that works with the families of Andean communities in Peru, many of whom live in

extreme poverty Extreme poverty, deep poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, is the most severe type of poverty, defined by the United Nations (UN) as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, includi ...

. Installing over 92,000 kitchen and sanitation fixtures in impoverished homes, ''Sembrando'' (Sowing) promotes job training and

technological innovation Technological innovation is an extended concept of innovation. While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world. Innovation refers t ...

to enhance productivity and social development in these communities. She and Alan García were separated in 2010, and upon the end of his tenure in 2011, she retired as First Lady with high approval ratings among the Peruvian public.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nores, Pilar 1949 births Living people People from Córdoba, Argentina First Ladies of Peru Peruvian philanthropists Argentine philanthropists Argentine emigrants to Peru National University of Córdoba alumni Argentine people of Spanish descent Peruvian people of Spanish descent