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Pierre Contant d'Ivry (11 May 1698 in Ivry-sur-Seine – 1 October 1777 in Paris), was a French architect and designer working in a chaste and sober Rococo style and in the ''goût grec'' phase of early Neoclassicism.
Later Contant d'Ivry worked for Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orléans, for whom he transformed interiors of the Palais-Royal, Paris, in 1754, designs that were widely admired and published by Denis Diderot, Diderot and d'Alembert in the ''Encyclopédie'', 1762, where Jacques-François Blondel praised their "correct middle pathway between two excesses, that of the heavy weight of our ancients and that of frivolity". Surviving examples include the dining room of the Duchesse d'Orléans (now the Salle du Tribunal des Conflits of the Council of State (France), Conseil d'État), which is in a neo-classical style with pilasters, and another of her rooms (now the Salle des Finances), in which his surviving decoration of the ceiling and door panels is lighter and more reminiscent of the earlier French architecture#Rococo, French Regency period. Contant d'Ivry was also responsible for the exteriors of the northern part of the east wing (now on the Rue de Valois), the ''avant corps'' of which, "with its giant balcony brackets and rather inventive detailing, combines Rococo-style decorative charm with a certain Classical solidity in its massing."
In 1763 a fire which started in the east wing in the opera house, the Salle du Palais-Royal, destroyed not only the theatre but also the adjoining sections of the palace. While the municipality of Paris was responsible for the opera house and hired its own architect, Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux, who also designed the new facades on the Rue Saint-Honoré side of the building, Louis Philippe engaged Contant d'Ivry, who designed the interiors of the reconstructed ''corps de logis'', the facades of the Cour d'Honneur (on the garden side), and a grand staircase, the "splendid ''escalier d'honneur'', [which] with its domed covering and dramatic curved descent, is justly famous."
"Le Palais-Royal des Orléans 1692–1793"
an
"Visite du Conseil d’État au Palais-Royal"
in French at the website of Le Conseil d'État et la Juridiction Administrative. * Château de Saint-Cloud * Project for the Pentemont Abbey, Abbey and church of Pentemont, rue de Bellechasse at rue de Grenelle, Paris (published 1769). * Hôpital général, Valenciennes (1750) * The new palace Saint-Vaast d’Arras, Arras. * Église Saint-Wasnon, dedicated to Saint Wasnon, at Condé-sur-l'Escaut (1751). * Château de Stors (Oise): Chapel for the prince de Conti.
File:Projecterad plan till Ekolmsunds Trägård.tif, ''Projected plan for the Ekolsund gardens'', 18 July 1757.
File:Projet proposé en 1744 pour le Portail de St E** à Paris - Contant d'Ivry 1769 pl6 - INHA 2004 (adjusted).jpg, Project for Saint-Eustache, Paris (1744)
File:Conde sur escaut eglise st wasnon interieur.jpg, Interior of Saint-Wasnon, Condé-sur-l'Escaut (1751)
File:Jielbeaumadier arras 2008 20.jpeg, Interior of Arras Cathedral (1755)
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4
at Gallica. * Bourbon de Conti, Louis François de, editor (2000). ''Les Trésors des Princes de Bourbon Conti''. Paris: Editions Somogy. . * Braham, Allan (1980). ''The Architecture of the French Enlightenment''. Berkeley: University of California Press. . * Dassas, Frédéric (1995). ''Les Résidences du Prince de Conti'', mémoire de maîtrise d’histoire de l’art sous la direction d’Antoine Schnapper, Paris IV-Sorbonne. * Ericson, Svend (1974). ''Early Neo-Classicism in France''. London: Faber. . * Gallet, Michel (1995). ''Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle: dictionnaire biographique et critique''. Paris: Editions Mengès. . * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1987). "Pierre Contant d’Ivry" in Baritou 1987, pp. 86–181. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1993). "Contant d’Ivry et les jardins classiques au XVIIIe siècle " in ''Jardins du Val-d’Oise''. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1998). "L’art des jardins chez Contant d’Ivry" in ''Annales du Centre Ledoux'' II. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (2000). ''L’Architecte Contant d’Ivry à L’Isle-Adam et à Stors'' in Bourbon de Conti 2000, pp. 107–111. * Olivier-Valengin, Elyne (2000). "Le château des princes de Bourbon Conti à L’Isle-Adam" in Bourbon de Conti 2000, pp. 112–123.
Getty Museum: Pierre Contant d'Ivry
(biographical note) *
''Les Oeuvres d'architecture de Pierre Contant d'Ivry, architecte du Roi. Première partie'' (1769)
at Institut national d'histoire de l'art, INHA {{DEFAULTSORT:Contant Divry, Pierre 1698 births 1777 deaths People from Ivry-sur-Seine 18th-century French architects Members of the Académie royale d'architecture French Rococo architects
Pierre Contant d'Ivry (11 May 1698 in Ivry-sur-Seine – 1 October 1777 in Paris), was a French architect and designer working in a chaste and sober Rococo style and in the ''goût grec'' phase of early Neoclassicism.
Early career
An ''Architecte du Roi'' from 1728, he spent his career working for the French Crown and for an aristocratic private clientele: the ''contrôleur-général des finances'' Machault d'Arnouville, the princes Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise, de Soubise and House of Croy, de Croÿ, and Andreas Peter Bernstorff, baron Bernstorff, the Danish ambassador. Though he was not formally received into the Académie royale d'architecture until 1751, he was the architect attached to Louis François I de Bourbon, prince de Conti, between 1737 and 1749. He was replaced in this position by Jean-Baptiste Courtonne.Palais-Royal
Later Contant d'Ivry worked for Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orléans, for whom he transformed interiors of the Palais-Royal, Paris, in 1754, designs that were widely admired and published by Denis Diderot, Diderot and d'Alembert in the ''Encyclopédie'', 1762, where Jacques-François Blondel praised their "correct middle pathway between two excesses, that of the heavy weight of our ancients and that of frivolity". Surviving examples include the dining room of the Duchesse d'Orléans (now the Salle du Tribunal des Conflits of the Council of State (France), Conseil d'État), which is in a neo-classical style with pilasters, and another of her rooms (now the Salle des Finances), in which his surviving decoration of the ceiling and door panels is lighter and more reminiscent of the earlier French architecture#Rococo, French Regency period. Contant d'Ivry was also responsible for the exteriors of the northern part of the east wing (now on the Rue de Valois), the ''avant corps'' of which, "with its giant balcony brackets and rather inventive detailing, combines Rococo-style decorative charm with a certain Classical solidity in its massing."
In 1763 a fire which started in the east wing in the opera house, the Salle du Palais-Royal, destroyed not only the theatre but also the adjoining sections of the palace. While the municipality of Paris was responsible for the opera house and hired its own architect, Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux, who also designed the new facades on the Rue Saint-Honoré side of the building, Louis Philippe engaged Contant d'Ivry, who designed the interiors of the reconstructed ''corps de logis'', the facades of the Cour d'Honneur (on the garden side), and a grand staircase, the "splendid ''escalier d'honneur'', [which] with its domed covering and dramatic curved descent, is justly famous."
Église de la Madeleine
In 1757, he presented a project for the new Église de la Madeleine in Paris, for which he drew inspiration from Jacques-Germain Soufflot's Église Sainte-Geneviève. Though the foundation stone was laid by Louis XV of France, Louis XV in 1763, funds lagged, and after Contant d'Ivry's death, the plans were modified, then the partially built structure was razed and begun anew.Principal commissions
* Château de Bizy, Vernon (Eure), for the maréchal de Belle-Isle (ca 1740, partly destroyed). * Hôtel d'Évreux, 19 Place Vendôme, Paris : grand staircase and ''boiseries'' (1747). * Château d'Arnouville at Arnouville-lès-Gonesse, for Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville. He collaborated there with Jean-Michel Chevotet, (1751–1757). * Palais-Royal, Paris: In 1752 he provided décors for two main rooms, the ''salle de la section des Finances du Conseil d'État'', (notably for the carved fielded panels of its double doors and its ceiling cornice) and the neoclassical ''salle à manger'' of the duchesse d'Orléans (now the ''salle du Tribunal des conflits''), one of the earliest neoclassical interiors in Paris. After a fire in 1763, Contant d'Ivry rebuilt the central block, with its facade on the ''cour d'honneur'' and the monumental staircase (1765).an
"Visite du Conseil d’État au Palais-Royal"
in French at the website of Le Conseil d'État et la Juridiction Administrative. * Château de Saint-Cloud * Project for the Pentemont Abbey, Abbey and church of Pentemont, rue de Bellechasse at rue de Grenelle, Paris (published 1769). * Hôpital général, Valenciennes (1750) * The new palace Saint-Vaast d’Arras, Arras. * Église Saint-Wasnon, dedicated to Saint Wasnon, at Condé-sur-l'Escaut (1751). * Château de Stors (Oise): Chapel for the prince de Conti.
Garden designs
* Château de Chamarande (Essonne).He provided a theater ''en plein air'', an orangerie, a ''buffet d'eau'', belvedere (structure), belvedere and designs for an ornamental vegetable garden. * Château d'Heilly (Somme). * Château de Bizy at Vernon (Eure). * Château des Conti at L'Isle-Adam (Val-d'Oise). * Château de Stors at L'Isle-Adam (Val d'Oise). The park and the monumental terraces. * Ekolsund Castle, outside Enköping Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden. Plan for redesign of the gardens (1757).Furniture designs
* Console table, gilded wood, c 1750-55; set of four wall lights, 1756. The Getty Center, Los Angeles.Gallery of designs for churches
Footnotes
Sources
* Ayers, Andrew (2004). ''The Architecture of Paris''. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges. . * Baritou, Jean-Louis (1987). ''Chevotet, Contant, Chaussard: un cabinet d'architectes au Siècle des lumières''. Lyon: La Manufacture. . * Blondel, Jacques-François (1752–1756). ''Architecture françoise'', 4 volumes. Paris: Charles-Antoine Jombert. Vols1
4
at Gallica. * Bourbon de Conti, Louis François de, editor (2000). ''Les Trésors des Princes de Bourbon Conti''. Paris: Editions Somogy. . * Braham, Allan (1980). ''The Architecture of the French Enlightenment''. Berkeley: University of California Press. . * Dassas, Frédéric (1995). ''Les Résidences du Prince de Conti'', mémoire de maîtrise d’histoire de l’art sous la direction d’Antoine Schnapper, Paris IV-Sorbonne. * Ericson, Svend (1974). ''Early Neo-Classicism in France''. London: Faber. . * Gallet, Michel (1995). ''Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle: dictionnaire biographique et critique''. Paris: Editions Mengès. . * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1987). "Pierre Contant d’Ivry" in Baritou 1987, pp. 86–181. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1993). "Contant d’Ivry et les jardins classiques au XVIIIe siècle " in ''Jardins du Val-d’Oise''. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (1998). "L’art des jardins chez Contant d’Ivry" in ''Annales du Centre Ledoux'' II. * Joudiou, Gabrielle (2000). ''L’Architecte Contant d’Ivry à L’Isle-Adam et à Stors'' in Bourbon de Conti 2000, pp. 107–111. * Olivier-Valengin, Elyne (2000). "Le château des princes de Bourbon Conti à L’Isle-Adam" in Bourbon de Conti 2000, pp. 112–123.
External links
Getty Museum: Pierre Contant d'Ivry
(biographical note) *
''Les Oeuvres d'architecture de Pierre Contant d'Ivry, architecte du Roi. Première partie'' (1769)
at Institut national d'histoire de l'art, INHA {{DEFAULTSORT:Contant Divry, Pierre 1698 births 1777 deaths People from Ivry-sur-Seine 18th-century French architects Members of the Académie royale d'architecture French Rococo architects