The Pact of San Sebastián was a meeting led by Niceto Alcalá Zamora and

Miguel Maura Miguel Maura (1887–1971) was a Spanish politician who served as the minister of interior in 1931 being the first Spanish politician to hold the post in the Second Spanish Republic. He was the founder of the Conservative Republican Party. Early ...

, which took place in

San Sebastián San Sebastian, officially known as Donostia–San Sebastián (names in both local languages: ''Donostia'' () and ''San Sebastián'' ()) is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality located in the Basque Country (autonomous community), B ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

on 17 August 1930. Representatives from practically all

republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

political movements in Spain at the time attended the meeting. Presided over by Fernando Sasiaín (representative of the Unión Republicana), the attendees included: :- for the

Radical Republican Party The Radical Republican Party ( es, Partido Republicano Radical), sometimes shortened to the Radical Party, was a Spanish Radical party in existence between 1908 and 1936. Beginning as a splinter from earlier Radical parties, it initially played a ...

Alejandro Lerroux Alejandro Lerroux García (4 March 1864, in La Rambla, Córdoba – 25 June 1949, in Madrid) was a Spanish politician who was the leader of the Radical Republican Party. He served as Prime Minister three times from 1933 to 1935 and held severa ...

; :- for

Acción Republicana Republican Action ( es, Acción Republicana) was a Spanish left-wing republican party between 1930 and 1934. History The AR was founded in 1925 under the name ''Acción Política'' ("Political Action") by Manuel Azaña and José Giral. Political A ...

Manuel Azaña Manuel Azaña Díaz (; 10 January 1880 – 3 November 1940) was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1933 and 1936), organizer of the Popular Front in 1935 and the last President of the Repu ...

; :- for the Partido Radical Socialista:

Marcelino Domingo Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán (26 April 1884 – 2 March 1939) was a Spanish teacher, journalist, and politician who served as a minister several times during the government of the Second Spanish Republic. Biography Early life & political career ...

Álvaro de Albornoz Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana (June 13, 1879, Asturias – October 22, 1954, Mexico) was a Spanish lawyer, writer, and one of the founders of the Second Republic of Spain. Early life He began his early studies in his native town of Luarca, ...

and

Ángel Galarza Ángel Galarza (1892–1966) was a Spanish lawyer, journalist and politician who served as the minister of interior in the period 1936–1937. He left Spain following the civil war for Mexico. In 1946 he settled in Paris, France. Early life and ...

; :- for the Derecha Liberal Republicana: Niceto Alcalá Zamora and

; :- for

Acció Catalana Catalan Action ( ca, Acció Catalana, AC) was a Catalanist political movement in the first third of the 20th century. History AC was created in 1922 around the Catalan National Conference, which brought together elements of the Joventut Naciona ...

Manuel Carrasco Formiguera Manuel Carrasco i Formiguera (3 April 1890 – 9 April 1938), was a Spanish lawyer and Christian democracy, Christian democrat Catalan nationalist politician. His execution, by order of Francisco Franco, provoked protests from Catholic journ ...

; :- for

Acció Republicana de Catalunya ''Acció'' ('Action') was a weekly newspaper published from Tarragona, Spain 1936–1937. It was the local organ of the Iberian Communist Youth (JCI), the youth wing of POUM The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification ( es, Partido Obrero de Uni ...

: Matías Mallol Bosch; :- for the

Estat Català Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain). History Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by France ...

Jaume Aiguader Jaume Aiguader i Miró (or Jaime Aguadé Miró, 24 July 1882 – 30 May 1943) was a Spanish medical doctor, writer, social activist, politician and Catalan nationalist. He was one of the founders of the Republican Left of Catalonia political par ...

; :- for the Organización Republicana Gallega Autónoma:

Santiago Casares Quiroga Santiago Casares y Quiroga (8 May 1884, in A Coruña, Galicia – 17 February 1950, in Paris) was Prime Minister of Spain from 13 May to 19 July 1936. Biography Leader and founder of the Autonomous Galician Republican Organization (ORGA), a Ga ...

; :- in their own right:

Indalecio Prieto Indalecio Prieto Tuero (30 April 1883 – 11 February 1962) was a Spanish politician, a minister and one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic. Early life ...

, Felipe Sánchez Román,

Fernando de los Ríos Fernando de los Ríos Urruti (8 December 1879 – 31 May 1949) was a Spanish professor of Political Law and Socialist politician who was in turn Minister of Justice, Minister of Education and Foreign Minister between 1931 and 1933 in the early yea ...

, and Eduardo Ortega y Gasset, brother of philosopher

José Ortega y Gasset José Ortega y Gasset (; 9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century, while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. His philosoph ...

Gregorio Marañón Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo, OWL (19 May 1887 in Madrid – 27 March 1960 in Madrid) was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, and they had four children (Carmen, Belén, María ...

was not able to attend, but sent a letter associating himself with the group. At the meeting, a "revolutionary committee" was formed, headed by Alcalá-Zamora; this committee eventually became the first provisional government of the

Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII, and was di ...

. The committee was in close contact with a group of soldiers, with the intent of bringing about a military coup in favor of a republic. The coup was set for 15 December 1930. Nonetheless, Captain Fermín Galán attempted to start the uprising on 12 December, which resulted in the failure of the coup. Galán and Captain Ángel García Hernández were executed by a

firing squad Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French ''fusil'', rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are us ...

References

* This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia. {{DEFAULTSORT:Pact of San Sebastian 1930 in Spain Second Spanish Republic 1930 conferences