Pyrrolines, also known under the name dihydropyrroles, are three different

heterocyclic A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, proper ...

organic

chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

s that differ in the position of the

double bond In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist betw ...

. Pyrrolines are formally derived from the aromate

pyrrole Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula . It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., ''N''-methylpyrrol ...

hydrogenation Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to redox, reduce or Saturated ...

. 1-Pyrroline is a cyclic

imine In organic chemistry, an imine ( or ) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bon ...

, whereas 2-pyrroline and 3-pyrroline are cyclic

amine In chemistry, amines (, ) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of elec ...

Substituted pyrrolines

Notable examples of pyrrolines containing various

substituent In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. The suffix ''-yl'' is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond r ...

s include: * 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, an

aroma compound An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, flavoring or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficien ...

with a white bread-like smell *

Thienamycin Thienamycin (also known as thienpenem) is one of the most potent naturally produced antibiotics known thus far, discovered in '' Streptomyces cattleya'' in 1976. Thienamycin has excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bact ...

, a beta-lactam antibiotic * MTSL, a chemical used for certain NMR experiments *

Pyrrolysine Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O), encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG, is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in some methanogenic archaea and in bacteria. It consists of lysine with a 4-methylpyrroline-5-carboxylate in amide linkage with the ...

, an unusual

proteinogenic amino acid Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation from RNA. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) ...

* 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, a biosynthetic metabolite *

Porphyrin Porphyrins ( ) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, w ...

, consisting of two alternating pairs of pyrrol and pyrroline connected via methine (=CH-) bridges ''N''-substituted pyrrolines can be generated by

ring-closing metathesis Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is a widely used variation of olefin metathesis in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various Saturated and unsaturated compounds, unsaturated rings via the intramolecular olefin metathesis, metathesis of two term ...

.Marcelle L. Ferguson, Daniel J. O'leary, And Robert H. Grubbs "Ring-closing Metathesis Synthesis Of N-boc-3-pyrroline" Org. Synth. 2003, volume 80, p. 85.

References

External links

Pyrroline1-pyrroline2-pyrroline
an
3-pyrroline
at EMBL-EBI {{Authority control Advanced glycation end-products

Substituted pyrrolines

See also

References

External links