The hundreds of Cornwall () were administrative divisions or

Shires Shire () is a traditional term for an administrative division of land in Great Britain and some other English-speaking countries. It is generally synonymous with county (such as Cheshire and Worcestershire). British counties are among the oldes ...

( hundreds) into which

Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...

, the present day

administrative county An administrative county was a first-level administrative division in England and Wales from 1888 to 1974, and in Ireland from 1899 until 1973 in Northern Ireland, 2002 in the Republic of Ireland. They are now abolished, although most Northern ...

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

, in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, was divided between and 1894, when they were replaced with local government

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

. Some of the names of the hundreds ended with the suffix ''shire'' as in Pydarshire, East and West Wivelshire and Powdershire which were first recorded as names between 1184 and 1187. In the

Cornish language Cornish (Standard Written Form: or , ) is a Southwestern Brittonic language, Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family. Along with Welsh language, Welsh and Breton language, Breton, Cornish descends from Common Brittonic, ...

the word ''keverang'' (''pl. keverangow'') is the equivalent for English "hundred" and the Welsh

cantref A cantref ( ; ; plural cantrefi or cantrefs; also rendered as ''cantred'') was a Wales in the Early Middle Ages, medieval Welsh land division, particularly important in the administration of Welsh law. Description Land in medieval Wales was divid ...

. The word, in its plural form, appears in place names like Meankeverango (i.e. stone of the hundreds) in 1580 (now The Enys, north of

Prussia Cove Prussia Cove (), formerly called King's Cove, is a small private estate on the coast of Mount's Bay and to the east of Cudden Point, west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Part of the area is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interes ...

and marking the southern end of the boundary between the hundreds of

Penwith Penwith (; ) is an area of Cornwall, England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former Non-metropolitan district, local government district, whose council was based in Penzance. The area is named after one ...

and

Kerrier Kerrier () was a local government district in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was the most southerly district in the United Kingdom, other than the Isles of Scilly. Its council was based in Camborne (). Other towns in the district included ...

), and Assa Govranckowe 1580, Kyver Ankou ''c.'' 1720, also on the Penwith – Kerrier border near

Scorrier Scorrier () is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of St Day, about northeast of the centre of Redruth and southeast of the coast at Porthtowan, on the A30 road at the junction of the A3047 road that lead ...

. It is also found in the singular form at Buscaverran, just south of

Crowan Crowan ( (village) or (parish)) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about three-and-a-half miles (6 km) south of Camborne.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 ''Land's End'' A former mining pa ...

churchtown and also on the Penwith-Kerrier border. The hundred of ''Trigg'' is mentioned by name during the 7th century, as ''"Pagus Tricurius"'', ''"land of three war hosts"''.

History

The division of

Wessex The Kingdom of the West Saxons, also known as the Kingdom of Wessex, was an Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, kingdom in the south of Great Britain, from around 519 until Alfred the Great declared himself as King of the Anglo-Saxons in 886. The Anglo-Sa ...

into hundreds is thought to date from the reign of King Athelstan, and in the Geld Inquest of 1083, only seven hundreds are found in Cornwall, identified by the names of the chief manors of each: Connerton, Winnianton, Pawton,

Tybesta Tybesta (Tibesteu in the Domesday Book) was a manor located in Cornwall, England, UK. The manor of Tybesta was given by William the Conqueror to his half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain; before the conquest it was held by Ralph the Constable. Ty ...

, Stratton, Fawton and Rillaton (corresponding to Penwith, Kerrier, Pydar, Powder, Trigg, West Wivel and East Wivel). At the time of the

Domesday Survey Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...

of 1086, the internal order of the Cornish manors in the Exeter Domesday Book is in most cases based on the hundreds to which they belonged, although the hundred names are not used. All of the lordships of the Hundreds of Cornwall belonged, and still belong, to the

Duchy of Cornwall A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important difference between "sovereign ...

, apart from Penwith which belonged to the Arundells of Lanherne. The Arundells sold their lordship to the Hawkins family in 1813 and the Hawkinses went on to sell it to the Paynters in 1832. The Lordship of Penwith came with a great number of rights over the entire hundred. These included: rights to try certain cases of

trespass Trespass is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person (see below), trespass to chattels, and trespass to land. Trespass to the person historically involved six separate trespasses: threats, assault, battery ...

, trespass on the law, debt and detinue, to appoint a jailor for the detention of persons apprehended, to receive high-rent from the lords of the principal manors and to claim the

regalia Regalia ( ) is the set of emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royal status, as well as rights, prerogatives and privileges enjoyed by a sovereign, regardless of title. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and ...

of the navigable rivers and havens, the profits of the royal gold and silver mines, and all wrecks,

escheat Escheat () is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership. It originally applied t ...

deodand A deodand is a thing forfeited or given to God, specifically, in law, an object or instrument that becomes forfeited because it has caused a person's death. The English common law of deodands traces back to the 11th century and was applied, on ...

treasure trove A treasure trove is an amount of money or coin, gold, silver, plate, or bullion found hidden underground or in places such as cellars or attics, where the treasure seems old enough for it to be presumed that the true owner is dead and the he ...

waif A waif (from the Old French , )Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/waif (accessed: June 02, 2008) is a person removed, by hardship, loss or other helpless circumstance, from their original ...

estray Estray, in common law, is any domestic animal found wandering at large or lost, particularly if its owner is unknown. In most cases, this implies domesticated animals rather than pets. Under early English common law, estrays were forfeited to the ...

s, goods of

felon A felony is traditionally considered a crime of high seriousness, whereas a misdemeanor is regarded as less serious. The term "felony" originated from English common law (from the French medieval word "''félonie''") to describe an offense that ...

s and droits of admiralty happening within the hundred.

The Lann Pydar joint benefice is a benefice combining those of St Ervan,

St Eval St Eval () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is about four miles (6.5 km) southwest of Padstow. The parish population at the 2011 census was 960. Much of the vil ...

St Mawgan St Mawgan or St Mawgan in Pydar () is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The population of this parish at the 2011 census was 1,307. The village is situated four miles northeast of New ...

and

St Columb Major St Columb Major is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Often referred to locally as ''St Columb'', it is approximately southwest of Wadebridge and east of Newquay Ordnance Survey: Landran ...

. It is in Pydar deanery of the Diocese of Truro.

Origin of the hundred names

The origins of the names have puzzled some earlier writers on the subject: Penwith is certainly the name of Land's End in Cornish (earliest occurrence in the ''

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' is a collection of annals in Old English, chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript of the ''Chronicle'' was created late in the ninth century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of ...

'' for 997); Kerrier (sometimes Kirrier) is thought by Thomas to be derived from an obsolete name (ker hyr = long fort) of Castle Pencaire on

Tregonning Hill Tregonning Hill is the westerly of two granite hills overlooking Mount's Bay in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, the other being Godolphin Hill. They are approximately west of the town of Helston. The Plymouth chemist William Cookworthy ...

Breage Breage or Breaca (with many variant spellings) is a saint venerated in Cornwall and South West England. According to her late hagiography, she was an Irish nun of the 5th or 6th century who founded a church in Cornwall. The village and civil par ...

; Lesnewth denotes a place where a 'new court' has been established (the 'old court' having been at Henlis(-ton):

Helstone Helstone () is a Hamlet (place), hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated two miles (3 km) southwest of Camelford on the A39 road#Atlantic Highway, A39 road. History Helstone (or Helston in Trigg) was in the Midd ...

, formerly Helston-in-Trigg); Powder has no certain derivation: 'pou' means 'territory' in Cornish; Pydar (or Pyder) has been variously explained: perhaps it derives from a Cornish word meaning 'a fourth part'; Stratton was at the time of Domesday an important manor and 200 years earlier it is mentioned as 'Strætneat' (''etym. dub.''); Trigg is explained in the separate article; East and West (

Wivelshire East Wivelshire and West Wivelshire (usually known merely as East and West) are two of the ancient Hundreds of Cornwall. East and West (Wivelshire) must have originally had a Cornish name but it is not recorded. The name of nearby Lostwithiel ha ...

) must have originally had a Cornish name but it is not recorded. The original English name was Twofold-shire, because it was divided into the two parts, East and West. The names East Twofold-shire and West Twofold-shire were then misdivided, giving the name Wivelshire. Thomas, Charles (1964) pp. 70–79)

List of hundreds in 1841

By 1841 Cornwall was composed of ten

hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numerals, Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 (number), 99 and preceding 101 (number), 101. In mathematics 100 is the square of 10 (number), 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 102). The standar ...

s as listed below here: *

(Penwyth) *

(Keryer) *Pydarshire (Pedera) *Powdershire (Pow Ereder) *

Triggshire The hundred (division), hundred of Trigg (also known as Triggshire) was one of ten ancient administrative shires of Cornwall—see "Hundreds of Cornwall". Trigg is mentioned by name during the 7th century, as "Pagus Tricurius", "land of three w ...

(Trigor) * Lesnewth (Lysnowyth) * Stratton (Stradneth) * East Wivelshire (Ryslegh) * West Wivelshire (Fawy) *

Scilly The Isles of Scilly ( ; ) are a small archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England. One of the islands, St Agnes, is over farther south than the most southerly point of the British mainland at Lizard Point, and has the souther ...

(Syllan)

Parishes in the ten hundreds

Penwith

St Buryan St Buryan () is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of St Buryan, Lamorna and Paul in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1412. The village of St Buryan is situated approximately west of ...

Camborne Camborne (from Cornish language, Cornish ''Cambron'', "crooked hill") is a town in Cornwall, England. The population at the 2011 Census was 20,845. The northern edge of the parish includes a section of the South West Coast Path, Hell's Mouth, C ...

St Erth St Erth () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. St Erth takes its name from Saint Erc, one of the many Irish saints who brought Christianity to Cornwall during the Sub-Roman Britain, Da ...

Gulval Gulval () is a village in the civil parish of Penzance, in Cornwall, England. Although historically a parish in its own right, Gulval was incorporated into the parishes of Ludgvan, Madron and Penzance in 1934, and is now considered to be a sub ...

lias Lanisly Gwinear,

Gwithian Gwithian () is a coastal village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Gwinear-Gwithian, in the Cornwall district, in west Cornwall, England. It is three miles (5 km) north-east of Hayle and four miles (6.5 km) east of St Iv ...

, St Hilary,

Illogan Illogan (pronounced ''il'luggan'', ) is a village and civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, two miles (3 km) northwest of Redruth. The population of Illogan was 5,404 at the 2011 census. In the same year the population of ...

, St Ives,

St Just in Penwith St Just (), also known as St Just in Penwith, is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Penwith district of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies along the B3306 road which connects St Ives, Cornwall, St Ives to the A3 ...

Lelant Lelant () or Uny Lelant is a village in the civil parish of St Ives in, west Cornwall, England, UK. It is on the west side of the Hayle Estuary, about southeast of St Ives and one mile (1.6 km) west of Hayle.Ordnance Survey: Landranger ...

ny Lelant

St Levan St Levan () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is rural with a number of hamlets of varying size with Porthcurno probably being the best known. Hewn out of the cliff at Minack Point and ...

Ludgvan Ludgvan ( ; ) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, UK, northeast of Penzance. Ludgvan village is split between Churchtown, on the hill, and Lower Quarter to the east, adjoining Crowlas. For the purposes ...

Madron Madron ( (village) or (parish)) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Madron is named after Saint Madern's Church. Its annual Trafalgar Service commemorating the death of Horatio ...

Morvah Morvah () is a civil parish and village on the Penwith peninsula in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish has a population of 49. Geography The village is centred approximately west-southwest of St Ives and north-west of Penza ...

Paul Paul may refer to: People * Paul (given name), a given name, including a list of people * Paul (surname), a list of people * Paul the Apostle, an apostle who wrote many of the books of the New Testament * Ray Hildebrand, half of the singing duo ...

Perranuthnoe Perranuthnoe (; ) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and a village in southwest Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish population at the 2011 census was 2,184. The Parish includes the settlements of Goldsithney, Perran Downs, ...

Phillack Phillack () is a village (and formerly a parish) now in the parish of Hayle, in west Cornwall, England. It is about one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Hayle and half-a-mile (0.8 km) inland from St Ives Bay on Cornwall's Atlantic Ocean co ...

Redruth Redruth ( , ) is a town and civil parishes in Cornwall, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. According to the 2011 census, the population of Redruth was 14,018 In the same year the population of the Camborne-Redruth urban area, ...

Sancreed Sancreed () is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, approximately three miles (5 km) west of Penzance. Sancreed civil parish encompasses the settlements of Bejouans, Bosvennen, Botreah ...

Sennen Sennen () is a coastal civil parish and a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Sennen village is situated approximately west-southwest of Penzance.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 ''Land's End'' Sennen parish is bounded by ...

, Towednack,

Zennor Zennor (; (village) or (parish)) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish includes the villages of Zennor, Boswednack and Porthmeor and the hamlet of Treen. Zennor lies on the north coast, about no ...

Kerrier

St Anthony-in-Meneage St Anthony-in-Meneage () is a coastal civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is in the Meneage district of The Lizard, the Lizard peninsula. In the 2001 census the parish had a popula ...

, Budock,

Constantine Constantine most often refers to: * Constantine the Great, Roman emperor from 306 to 337, also known as Constantine I * Constantine, Algeria, a city in Algeria Constantine may also refer to: People * Constantine (name), a masculine g ...

Cury Cury () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in southwest Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately four miles (6 km) south of Helston on The Lizard, The Lizard peninsula. The parish is named fo ...

, Falmouth,

Germoe Germoe () is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Germoe village, the parish's main settlement and church town, is about west of Helston and east of Penzance. The A394 Penzance to Helston road runs along the sou ...

St Gluvias St Gluvias is a settlement in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is now a suburb on the northern edge of Penryn which is northwest of Falmouth. Until 1 April 2021 there was a civil parish called St Gluvias which doesn't include t ...

Grade Grade most commonly refers to: * Grading in education, a measurement of a student's performance by educational assessment (e.g. A, pass, etc.) * A designation for students, classes and curricula indicating the number of the year a student has reach ...

Gunwalloe Gunwalloe ( ) is a coastal civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated on the Lizard Peninsula south of Helston and partly contains The Loe, the largest natural freshwater lake in Cornwall. The parish population includin ...

lias Winnington

Gwennap Gwennap () is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about five miles (8 km) southeast of Redruth. Hamlets of Burncoose, Comford, Coombe, Gwennap, Coombe, Crofthandy, Cusgarne, Fernsplatt, Frogpool, Hick's M ...

with

St Day St Day () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is positioned between the village of Chacewater and the town of Redruth. The electoral ward St Day and Lanner had a population of 4,473 according to the 2011 cens ...

Helston Helston () is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the The Lizard, Lizard Peninsula approximately east of Penzance and south-west of Falmouth, Cornwall, Falmouth.Ordnance Survey: ...

St Keverne St Keverne () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village on The Lizard in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. In addition to the parish, an electoral ward exists called ''St Keverne and Meneage''. This stretches to the western Liz ...

Landewednack Landewednack ( (hamlet) or (parish)) is a civil parish and an area of The Lizard in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated approximately south of Helston.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 ''Land's End'' Landewednack ...

, Mabe,

Manaccan Manaccan (; ) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village on the The Lizard, Lizard peninsula in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about five miles (8 km) south-southwest of Falmouth, Cornwall, Falmouth. ...

St Martin-in-Meneage St Martin-in-Meneage () is a civil parish and village in the Meneage district of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is five miles (8 km) south-southeast of Helston. The population at the 2011 census was ...

Mawgan-in-Meneage Mawgan-in-Meneage is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in the Meneage district of The Lizard, The Lizard peninsula south of Helston in the former administrative district of Kerrier. ...

Mawnan Mawnan (, meaning ''St Maunan'') is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the former administrative district of Kerrier and is bounded to the south by the Helford River, to th ...

Mullion A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid sup ...

, Mylor, Perranarworthal, Ruan Major, Ruan Minor, Sithney, St Stithians,

Wendron Wendron (; historically St. Wendron) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately to the north of Helston and to the west of Penryn. The parish population at the 2011 census was 2,743. The electoral ...

Pydarshire

: St Agnes,

St Breock St Breock () is a village and a civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The spelling St Breoke was also formerly in use. Geography St Breock village is 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Wadebridge immediately to the south of the Ro ...

, Colan,

St Columb Minor St Columb Minor () (Latin: ''Columba Minor Sancta'') is a village in the civil parish of Newquay, on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. ''St Columb'' alone by default refers to the nearby St Columb Major; both the town and the ...

Crantock Crantock () is a coastal civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, two miles (3 km) southwest of Newquay. In 460, a group of Irish hermits founded an oratory there. The village lies to the south of the Ri ...

Cubert Cubert ()Place-names in the Standard Written Form (SWF)

St Enoder St Enoder () is a civil parish and hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated five miles (8 km) southeast of Newquay. There is an electoral ward bearing this name which includes St Columb Road. The population at t ...

, St Ervan,

St Issey St Issey () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom which lies approximately two miles (3 km) south of Padstow. The parish covers an area of approximately . At the 2011 census the parish population was 940. An elec ...

Lanhydrock Lanhydrock (, meaning "church enclosure of St Hydrock") is a civil parish centred on a country estate and mansion in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish lies south of the town of Bodmin and is bounded to the north by Bodmin parish, ...

, Lanivet, St Mawgan-in-Pydar,

St Merryn St Merryn () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about south of the fishing port of Padstow and northeast of the coastal resort of Newquay. The village has a primary schoo ...

St Newlyn East St Newlyn East () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is approximately three miles (5 km) south of Newquay. The name St Newlyn East is locally abbreviated to Newlyn Ea ...

Padstow Padstow (; ) is a town, civil parishes in England, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary, approximately northwest of Wadebridge, ...

Perranzabuloe Perranzabuloe (; ) is a coastal civil parish and a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Perranzabuloe parish is bordered to the west by the Atlantic coast and St Agnes, Cornwall, St Agnes parish, to the north by Cubert parish, to the ea ...

Little Petherick Little Petherick () is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of St Issey, in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated south of Padstow and west of Wadebridge. Little Petherick lies in the valley of Little Petheri ...

St Wenn St Wenn () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated west of Bodmin and east of Newquay. The parish population at the 2011 census was 369. Other settlements in the parish include Rosenannon, ...

Withiel Withiel () is a civil parish and village in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish of Withiel is between the parishes of St Breock, Lanivet, Roche and St Wenn. The name ''Withiel'' comes from the Cornish word ''gwydhyel'', meaning "woo ...

Powdershire

St Allen St Allen () is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The church town of St Allen is an isolated hamlet and the main settlement in the parish is Zelah which is situated on the A30 trunk road four miles (6.5 km) north of Tr ...

, St Anthony-in-Roseland,

St Austell Saint Austell (, ; ) is a town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, south of Bodmin and west of the border with Devon. At the 2021 Census in the United Kingdom, census it had a population of 20,900. History St Austell was a village centred ...

St Blazey St Blazey () is a small town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. St Blaise is the civil parishes in England, civil parish in which St Blazey is situated; the name St Blaise is also used by the town council. The village of Biscovey and the se ...

, St Clement,

Cornelly Cornelly ( Welsh: ''Corneli'') is a community and electoral ward in Bridgend County Borough, South Wales. As of 2011 the population of the Cornelly ward was 7,059. Cornelly was created following ''The Bridgend (Cynffig, Cornelly and Pyle Commun ...

Creed A creed, also known as a confession of faith, a symbol, or a statement of faith, is a statement of the shared beliefs of a community (often a religious community) which summarizes its core tenets. Many Christian denominations use three creeds ...

-with-

Grampound Grampound () is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Grampound with Creed, in the Cornwall (district), Cornwall district, in the ceremonial county of Cornwall, England. It is at an ancient crossing point of the River Fal and ...

, Cuby-with-

Tregony Tregony (), sometimes in the past Tregoney, is a village and former civil parishes in England, civil parish, now in the parish of Tregony with Cuby, in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies on the River Fal. In the village there is a post o ...

, St Dennis, St Erme,

St Ewe St Ewe () is a civil parish and village in mid-Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which is believed by hagiographers to have been named after the English moniker of Saint Avoye. The village is situated approximately five miles (8 km) southw ...

, Feock,

Fowey Fowey ( ; , meaning ''beech trees'') is a port town and civil parishes in England, civil parish at the mouth of the River Fowey in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town has been in existence since well before the Norman invasion, ...

Gerrans Gerrans () is a coastal civil parish and village on the Roseland Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village adjoins Portscatho (the villages have almost merged into one but retain their identities) on the east side of the pen ...

, Gorran, St Just-in-Roseland,

Kea The kea ( ; ; ''Nestor notabilis'') is a species of large parrot in the Family (biology), family Strigopidae that is endemic to the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About long, it is mostly olive-green, with br ...

Kenwyn Kenwyn () is a settlement and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The settlement is a suburb of the city of Truro and lies 0.5 mi (1 km) north of the city centre, within Truro parish, whereas Kenwyn parish covers an are ...

Ladock Ladock ( (village) or (parish)) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about six miles (9.5 km) north-east of Truro. Historically, Ladock was two small settlements; Bissick by the river and Ladock on the hil ...

Lamorran Lamorran () is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of St Michael Penkevil, in the Cornwall district, in the ceremonial county of Cornwall, England. Lamorran lies southeast of Truro, within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natu ...

Lanlivery Lanlivery () is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about west of Lostwithiel and five miles (8 km) south of Bodmin. The Saints' Way runs past Lanlivery. Helman Tor, Red Moor and Breney Common na ...

Lostwithiel Lostwithiel (; ) is a civil parish and small town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739, increasing to 2,899 at the 2011 census. The Lostwi ...

Luxulyan Luxulyan (; ), also spelt Luxullian or Luxulian, is a village and civil parish in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village lies four miles (6.5 km) northeast of St Austell and six miles (10 km) south of Bodmin. The population ...

, Merther,

Mevagissey Mevagissey (; ) is a village, fishing port and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.< ...

St Mewan St Mewan () is a civil parish and village in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is approximately west of St Austell. It is a small settlement, comprising the parish church, rectory, a school and nearby farms. St Mewan parish ...

St Michael Caerhays St Michael Caerhays () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about south-southwest of St Austell. The population as of the 2011 census was 96 St Michael Caerhays lies within the Cornwall Area of Out ...

St Michael Penkevil St Michael Penkivel (), sometimes spelt ''St Michael Penkevil'', is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the valley of the River Fal about three miles (5 km) southeast of Tru ...

Philleigh Philleigh () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, one of the four civil parishes in the Roseland Peninsula. The civil parish includes the hamlets of Treworlas, Treworthal and a number of smaller settlements. Philleigh lies wit ...

Probus Probus may refer to: People * Marcus Valerius Probus (c. 20/30–105 AD), Roman grammarian * Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus, consul in 228 * Probus (emperor), Roman Emperor (276–282) * Probus of Byzantium (–306), Bishop of Byzantium from 293 t ...

Roche F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, commonly known as Roche (), is a Switzerland, Swiss multinational corporation, multinational holding healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, ...

Ruan Lanihorne Ruan Lanihorne is a civil parish and village in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated approximately four miles (6.5 km) east-southeast of Truro between the River Fal and its tributary the Ruan River.Ordnance Surv ...

, St Sampson

Golant Golant () is a village in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the west bank of the River Fowey and in the civil parish of St Sampson. Golant is about north of Fowey and east of St Austell. Golant church is dedicated to St ...

St Stephen-in-Brannel St Stephen-in-Brannel (known locally as ''St Stephen's'' or ''St Stephen'') () is a civil parish and village in mid Cornwall, England. The village is four miles (6.5 km) west of St Austell on the southern edge of Cornwall's china clay dis ...

, Truro St Mary,

Tywardreath Tywardreath (; , meaning "House on the Beach" (or Strand)) is a small hilltop village on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, about north west of Fowey. It is located in a sheltered spot overlooking a silted-up estuary opposite ...

Veryan Veryan ( Cornish: ''Elerghi'') is a coastal civil parish and village on the Roseland Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village has been described as one of Cornwall's loveliest inland villages and as ′a mild tropic garden� ...

Triggshire

Bodmin Bodmin () is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated south-west of Bodmin Moor. The extent of the civil parish corresponds fairly closely to that of the town so is mostly urban in character. It is bordered ...

Blisland Blisland () is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately five miles northeast of Bodmin. According to the UK census 2001, 2001 census, the parish had a population of 565. Thi ...

St Breward St Breward () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the western side of Bodmin Moor, about 6 miles (10 km) north of Bodmin. At the 2011 census the parish population including Cooksland and Fentonadle ...

Egloshayle Egloshayle (, meaning ''church on an estuary'') is a civil parish and village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is beside the River Camel, southeast of Wadebridge. The civil parish stretches southeast from the village an ...

St Endellion St Endellion () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet and parish church are situated four miles (6.5 km) north of Wadebridge. The parish takes its name from Saint Ende ...

Helland Helland () is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated north of Bodmin. The meaning of the name Helland is unclear: it is possible that the origin is in Cornish ''hen'' & ''lan'' (i.e. old church). The orig ...

St Kew St Kew ()Place-names in the Standard Written Form (SWF)

, St Mabyn,

St Minver St Minver () is the name of an ecclesiastical parish, a civil parish and a village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The civil parish of St Minver is in Bodmin Registration District and is nominally divided into St Minver Highlands (t ...

St Teath St Teath (; ) is a civil parishes in Cornwall, civil parish and Churchtown, Cornwall, village in north Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom. Geography The village is situated approximately southwest of Camelford and northeast of Wadebrid ...

Temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a place of worship, a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. By convention, the specially built places of worship of some religions are commonly called "temples" in Engli ...

St Tudy St Tudy () is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in north Cornwall, England. The village is situated in the River Camel valley approximately five miles northeast of Wadebridge. History The village is mentioned as having a cat ...

Lesnewth

Advent Advent is a season observed in most Christian denominations as a time of waiting and preparation for both the celebration of Jesus's birth at Christmas and the return of Christ at the Second Coming. It begins on the fourth Sunday before Chri ...

, Altarnun, St Clether, Davidstow, Forrabury, St Gennys,

St Juliot St Juliot is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in north-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is entirely rural and the settlements within it are the hamlets of Beeny and Tresparrett. - plus a part of the adjacent village of ...

, Lanteglos-by-

Camelford Camelford () is a town and civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, situated in the River Camel valley northwest of Bodmin Moor. The town is approximately north of Bodmin and is governed by Camelford Town Council. The ward pop ...

, Lesnewth,

Michaelstow Michaelstow ( (village) or (parish)) is a civil parish and village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about south of Camelford. The hamlets of Fentonadle, Trevenning and Treveighan are in the parish. The civil paris ...

, Minster,

Otterham Otterham () is a village and a civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated approximately south of Bude and north of Camelford.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 190 ''Bude & Clovelly'' Otterham Mill, Ot ...

Poundstock Poundstock () is a civil parish and a hamlet on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated four miles (6.5 km) south of Bude half-a-mile west of the A39 trunk road about one mile from the coast. Poundstock ...

Tintagel Tintagel () or Trevena (, meaning ''Village on a Mountain'') is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village situated on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village and nearby Tintagel Castle ...

ith Bossiney Treneglos,

Trevalga Trevalga () is a coastal civil parishes in England, civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is bounded on the north by the Celtic Sea, on the southeast by Forrabury and Minster parish and on the west by Ti ...

, Warbstow.

Stratton

: Boyton,

Bridgerule Bridgerule is a village and civil parish in Devon, England, a mile from the border with Cornwall. The parish is divided by the River Tamar, which no longer forms the border between Devon and Cornwall there. The river often floods the High Stree ...

, Jacobstow,

Kilkhampton Kilkhampton () is a village and civil parish in northeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is on the A39 about four miles (6 km) north-northeast of Bude. Kilkhampton was mentioned in the Domesday Book as "Chilchetone". T ...

Launcells Launcells () is a hamlet and civil parish in north-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is located east of Bude. Within the civil parish are the hamlets of Launcells Cross, Red Post, Grimscott, and Buttsbear Cross. In 2001, 563 people ...

, Marhamchurch,

Morwenstow Morwenstow () is a civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish abuts the west coast, about six miles (10 km) north of Bude and within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Morwens ...

Poughill Poughill (pronounced "Pofil" or "Puffil") is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bude-Stratton, in the Cornwall district, in north-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is located one mile north of Bude. In 1931 the par ...

, Stratton, North Tamerton, Week St Mary, Whitstone

East Wivelshire

: Antony St Jacob, Botus Fleming, Callington,

Calstock Calstock () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the border with Devon. The village is situated on the River Tamar south west of Tavistock, Devon, Tavistock and no ...

, Egloskerry, Landulph,

Landrake Landrake () is a village in southeast Cornwall, England. It is situated approximately three miles (5 km) west of Saltash, in the civil parish of Landrake with St Erney (where the population of the 2011 census was included.). The A38 road p ...

ith St Erney Laneast, Launceston St Mary Magdalene,

Lawhitton Lawhitton () is a village in the civil parish of Lawhitton Rural, in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated two miles (3 km) southwest of Launceston and half-a-mile west of Cornwall's border with Devon at the River ...

, Lewannick,

Lezant Lezant () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Lezant village is about five miles (8 kilometres) south of Launceston, Cornwall, Launceston. The population of the parish in the 2001 c ...

Linkinhorne Linkinhorne () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village itself is situated at and is approximately northwest of Callington, Cornwall, Callington and south of Launce ...

, Maker,

St Mellion St Mellion () is a village and rural civil parish in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is about south of Callington and is in the St Germans Registration District. To the north, the parish is bordered by Callington and St Dom ...

Menheniot Menheniot (pronounced Men-en-yut; ) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is southeast of Liskeard. The meaning of the name is "sanctuary of Neot" (from ''minihi'' and ''Neo ...

, North Hill, Pillaton, Quethiock, Rame,

Sheviock Sheviock (, meaning ''strawberry bed'') is a coastal civil parish and a hamlet in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is two miles (3 km) south of St Germans and three miles (5 km) south-west of Saltash. Sheviock ...

, South Hill, South Petherwin, St Germans, St John, St Stephens-with-Newport,

Stoke Climsland Stoke Climsland is a village in the valley of the River Tamar, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom within the civil parish of Stokeclimsland. The population of the parish including Luckett at the 2011 census was 1,703. An electoral ward of the ...

, St Dominick,

St Ive St Ive ( ; ) is a village in the civil parishes in England, civil parish of St Ive and Pensilva in eastern Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is split into four parts: St Ive Church End, St Ive Cross, St Ive Keason and St Ive Parkfield. In a ...

, St Stephen-by-Saltash, St Thomas Apostle-by-Launceston,

Torpoint Torpoint () is a town and civil parish on the Rame Peninsula in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated opposite the city of Plymouth across the Hamoaze which is the tidal estuary of the River Tamar. Torpoint had a populatio ...

, Tremaine, Tresmeer, Trewen

West Wivelshire

Boconnoc Boconnoc () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, approximately east of the town of Lostwithiel. According to the UK census 2011, 2011 census the parish had a population of 96. The parish is rural ...

, Braddock,

Cardinham Cardinham () (the spelling 'Cardynham' is almost obsolete) is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and a village in mid Cornwall, England. The village is approximately three-and-a-half miles (6 km) east-northeast of Bodmin. The hamlet ...

St Cleer St Cleer () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated on the southeast flank of Bodmin Moor approximately two miles (3 km) north of Liskeard. The population ...

, Duloe,

St Keyne St Keyne () is a village in the civil parish of St Keyne and Trewidland, in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish lies between the parishes of Liskeard and Duloe. The parish population at the 2011 census was 492. The village is ...

Lanreath Lanreath () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish and a village in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated five miles (8 km) west-northwest of Looe. The name Lanreath (pronounced Lanreth) means 'church (La ...

, Lansallos,

Lanteglos by Fowey Lanteglos (, meaning ''church valley'') is a coastal civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the east side of the tidal estuary of the River Fowey which separates it from the town and civil parish of Fowey. The South We ...

Liskeard Liskeard ( ; ) is an ancient stannary and market town in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, west of the Devon border, and 12 miles (20 km) east of Bodmin. Th ...

St Martin-by-Looe St Martin-by-Looe () is a coastal civil parishes in England, civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is immediately east of the town and parish of Looe, south of Liskeard. The parish is in the Liskeard Registration D ...

, Morval, St Neot,

Pelynt Pelynt ( or ) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth and four miles (6.5 km) west-northwest of Looe. Pelynt had a population of around 1,124 at the 2001 census wh ...

St Pinnock St Pinnock () is a hamlet and civil parishes in England, civil parish in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 3 miles (5 km) south-west of Liskeard. Other settlements in the parish include East Taphouse, and Penfrane, containing 42 ...

, Talland,

St Veep St Veep () is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, situated above the east bank of the River Fowey about three miles (5 km) south-east of Lostwithiel. It is bordered by the parishes of St Winnow to the north-west, Boconnoc t ...

, Warleggan,

St Winnow St Winnow () is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its name may be connected with either that of Saint Winnoc or Saint Winwaloe. It has a population of 304, which had increased to 328 at the 2011 ...

Scilly

: St Agnes, St Mary's, St Martin's,

Bryher Bryher () is one of the smallest inhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly, with a population of 84 in 2011, spread across . Bryher exhibits a procession of prominent hills connected by low-lying necks and sandy bars. Landmarks include Hell Bay, ...

Tresco Tresco may refer to: * Tresco, Elizabeth Bay, a historic residence in New South Wales, Australia * Tresco, Isles of Scilly, an island off Cornwall, England, United Kingdom * Tresco, Victoria, a town in Victoria, Australia * a nickname referring t ...

Samson SAMSON (Software for Adaptive Modeling and Simulation Of Nanosystems) is a computer software platform for molecular design being developed bOneAngstromand previously by the NANO-D group at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science an ...

Other medieval divisions of Cornwall

* Brannel – , meaning ''hilly place'' *

Meneage The Meneage () is a district in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. The nearest large towns are Falmouth and Helston. (''Note: the coordinates above are the approximate centre of the Meneage district.'') The meaning of the name Meneage is "monasti ...

– , meaning ''monastic lands'' * Roseland – , meaning ''moor/heath'' *

Rame Peninsula The Rame Peninsula () is a peninsula in south-east Cornwall. It is surrounded by the English Channel to the south, Plymouth Sound to the east, the Hamoaze to the northeast and the estuary of the River Lynher to the north-west. On a clear day, ...

– , meaning ''moor/heath''

References and bibliography

Padel, O. J. Oliver James Padel (born 31 October 1948 in St Pancras, London, England) is an English medievalist and toponymist specializing in Welsh and Cornish studies. He is currently Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, an ...

(1985) ''Cornish Place-name Elements''. Nottingham: English Place-name Society