Pretty Shield (1856–1944) was a medicine woman of the Crow Nation. Her biography, perhaps the first record of female Native American life, was written by Frank B. Linderman, who interviewed her using an interpreter and sign language.Linderman, Frank. ''Pretty-shield: Medicine Woman of the Crows''. University of Nebraska Press, 2003

Biography

Born in 1856 to Kills-in-the-Night and Crazy Sister-in-Law, Pretty Shield was the fourth of eleven children. Her name was given to her by her grandfather when she was four days old and it was considered a name of honor, commemorating her grandfather's handsome war shield. Pretty Shield had a happy childhood, and later described games played by Crow children. They kicked balls stuffed with

antelope The term antelope refers to numerous extant or recently extinct species of the ruminant artiodactyl family Bovidae that are indigenous to most of Africa, India, the Middle East, Central Asia, and a small area of Eastern Europe. Antelopes do ...

hair and slid down snowy hillsides on sleds made of buffalo ribs. When she was seven, she was attacked by a mad buffalo bull. In trying to escape she fell and drove a stick into her forehead and against one eye, leaving a permanent scar. When she was fourteen, Pretty Shield and a group of her friends were treed by a

grizzly bear The grizzly bear (''Ursus arctos horribilis''), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly, is a population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America. In addition to the mainland grizzly (''Ursus arctos horr ...

and her cubs. She remembered looking down into the eyes of the grizzly for the rest of her life.Alter, Judy. ''Extraordinary Women of the American West''. Children's Press, 1999, p. 85-87 She was originally known as the Red Mother. She knew people who knew Native American sign language, which is extremely rare. It was rare for people to give biographical representations of a person through sign language, but even more so through Native American Sign Language. Personal Life of Pretty Shield At sixteen Pretty Shield became the second wife of Goes Ahead, whose first wife was Pretty Shield's older sister. She gave birth to four girls and three boys, but one girl and one boy died as infants. While grieving over their deaths, she had the vision that led her to become a healer. Like other Crow women, Pretty Shield cut her hair short and slashed her arms, legs, and face to show her suffering, then wandered without food or water until her grief became less intense. She wandered upon a woman who led her to an anthill. She told her to rake its edges and then ask for anything she wanted. Pretty Shield asked for "good luck and a good life." After that the ants, "busy, powerful little people," were her medicine. As a medicine woman, Pretty Shield treated tribal illnesses with medicinal plants and often acted as a counselor. As was customary, she did not charge a fee but was paid in gifts, including

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

, elks' teeth, buffalo robes, and food. Pretty Shield's Crow clan, the Sore Lips, had inhabited southeastern

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

for generations. The Crow were regularly at war with the

Sioux The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin ( ; Dakota/ Lakota: ) are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations people from the Great Plains of North America. The Sioux have two major linguistic divisions: the Dakota and Lakota peoples (translati ...

, Arapahoe,

Cheyenne The Cheyenne ( ) are an Indigenous people of the Great Plains. The Cheyenne comprise two Native American tribes, the Só'taeo'o or Só'taétaneo'o (more commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the (also spelled Tsitsistas, The term for th ...

, and Blackfoot tribes. The Crows' bravery is evident in their survival despite being drastically outnumbered by the Native tribes they warred against. After the death of Goes Ahead, Pretty Shield raised her daughters and nine grandchildren on her own.Wong, Hertha Dawn. ''Sending my Heart Back Across the Years''. Oxford University Press, 1992 Talking to Linderman, Pretty Shield expressed a sadness over the disappearing Crow culture. The culture was disappearing for numerous reasons. The reasons included facing the extinction and hunting of too many buffalos in the United States. She believed her people would follow the buffalo herds on the plains forever, as they had done for centuries.

Film

''Native Spirit and the Sun Dance Way''
2007 DVD documentary,

World Wisdom World Wisdom is an independent American publishing company established in 1980 in Bloomington, Indiana. World Wisdom publishes religious and philosophical texts, including the work of authors such as Frithjof Schuon, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Titus ...

References

External links

Pretty Shield FoundationCrow Indian Recipes and Herbal Medicine
by Pretty Shield's granddaughter {{DEFAULTSORT:Pretty Shield 1856 births 1944 deaths American autobiographers Crow people Writers from Montana Native American poets American women poets Native American women writers American women autobiographers American women non-fiction writers 19th-century Native American women 20th-century Native American women 20th-century Native American people