Pope's Eye is the uncompleted foundation for an island
fort intended to defend the entrance to
Port Phillip in the state of
Victoria, Australia. The undefined area of the fort, generally assessed at , is one of six separate areas that comprise the
Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and is a popular site for
divers.
[
]
Features
The fort has been protected as a marine reserve since 1979 and is now part of the Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park. It is located about inside Port Phillip Heads, east of Queenscliff, north of Portsea, and is less than south-west of the former Chinaman's Hat. It is named after a naval midshipman and has no religious
Religion is a range of social- cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural ...
connotations.
Construction of Pope's Eye began in the 1880s, under the supervision of Sir William Jervois, by dumping bluestone boulders on a submerged deep sandbank until they formed a horse-shoe shaped artificial reef, open to the north-east, just above high-water level. Construction ceased before completion as a fort because improvements in naval gunnery enabled the entrance to Port Phillip ( The Rip) and the associated shipping channel to be protected by guns at the nearby Swan Island fort, as well as at Fort Queenscliff and Fort Nepean, making Pope's Eye redundant for military purposes. The reef now hosts a navigation beacon.
The inside of the 'eye' is only about deep and is accessible to small boats as a sheltered anchorage. It is protected from strong currents and the whole structure is popular with snorkellers and scuba-divers.[
]
Flora and fauna
The reef provides a rich habitat based on the underwater forest of marine algae, such as giant and leathery kelp, that sustains a rich fauna of fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...
and marine invertebrates, including sponges and soft corals. The site is part of the Swan Bay and Port Phillip Bay Islands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International. Pope's Eye is an important breeding site for Australasian gannets, which nest on platforms constructed for them as well as on the rocks of the reef, which are also used for roosting by black-faced cormorants and for foraging by ruddy turnstones. The site is often visited by Australian fur seals and Burrunan (bottlenose) dolphins.
See also
* Protected areas of Victoria
References
{{Recreational dive sites, reesit
Underwater diving sites in Australia
Forts in Australia
Military installations in Victoria (state)
Port Phillip
Coastline of Victoria (state)
Islands of Victoria (state)
Artificial islands of Australia
Artificial reefs
Sea forts
Military history of Victoria (state)