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A planar Fourier capture array (PFCA) is a tiny camera that requires no mirror, lens, focal length, or moving parts.P. R. Gill, C. Lee, D.-G. Lee, A. Wang, and A. Molnar, "A microscale camera using direct fourier-domain scene capture," Opt. Lett., vol. 36, no. 15, pp. 2949–2951, Aug. 2011.
/ref>P. R. Gill, C. Lee, S. Sivaramakrishnan, and A. Molnar, "Robustness of planar fourier capture arrays to color changes and lost pixels," Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 7, no. 01, 2012.
/ref> It is composed of angle-sensitive pixels, which can be manufactured in unmodifiedA. Wang, P. Gill, and A. Molnar, "Light field image sensors based on the talbot effect," Applied Optics, vol. 48, no. 31, pp. 5897–5905, 2009.
/ref> which can be interpreted as measuring one component of the 2D Fourier transform of the far-away scene. By making them all unique, each sensor of the PFCA relates a distinct component of the 2D Fourier transform of the far-away scene, and together they relate full Fourier information. Original images are reconstructed computationally after acquisition, or if raw Fourier coefficients are more useful for the application at hand, they are used directly. PFCAs do not perform an exact Fourier transform since outputs are real-valued and are not perfect sinusoidal transforms of the image. The transform is closer to a Hartley transform, but even this correspondence is not exact. Still, the mathematics underlying completeness of the Fourier transform are useful in designing and understanding PFCAs. Because PFCAs do not require focusing optics or moving parts, they can be made smaller than the smallest focusing camera. Counting only the active portions of the PFCA (and not the structural substrate giving it physical robustness), PFCAs are a factor of 105 smaller than the smallest focusing camera by volume.
A planar Fourier capture array (PFCA) is a tiny camera that requires no mirror, lens, focal length, or moving parts.P. R. Gill, C. Lee, D.-G. Lee, A. Wang, and A. Molnar, "A microscale camera using direct fourier-domain scene capture," Opt. Lett., vol. 36, no. 15, pp. 2949–2951, Aug. 2011./ref>P. R. Gill, C. Lee, S. Sivaramakrishnan, and A. Molnar, "Robustness of planar fourier capture arrays to color changes and lost pixels," Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 7, no. 01, 2012.
/ref> It is composed of angle-sensitive pixels, which can be manufactured in unmodified
CMOS
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss
", , ) is a type of MOSFET, metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) semiconductor device fabrication, fabrication process that uses complementary an ...
processes.
Angle-sensitive pixels have a sensitivity to light that is sinusoidal in incident angle along the optically-sensitive axis,/ref> which can be interpreted as measuring one component of the 2D Fourier transform of the far-away scene. By making them all unique, each sensor of the PFCA relates a distinct component of the 2D Fourier transform of the far-away scene, and together they relate full Fourier information. Original images are reconstructed computationally after acquisition, or if raw Fourier coefficients are more useful for the application at hand, they are used directly. PFCAs do not perform an exact Fourier transform since outputs are real-valued and are not perfect sinusoidal transforms of the image. The transform is closer to a Hartley transform, but even this correspondence is not exact. Still, the mathematics underlying completeness of the Fourier transform are useful in designing and understanding PFCAs. Because PFCAs do not require focusing optics or moving parts, they can be made smaller than the smallest focusing camera. Counting only the active portions of the PFCA (and not the structural substrate giving it physical robustness), PFCAs are a factor of 105 smaller than the smallest focusing camera by volume.
See also
*Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a ...
*Active pixel sensor
An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor, which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active transistors. In a metal–oxide–semico ...
* Superlens
References
{{reflist Fourier analysis Image sensors