María del Pilar Nores Bodereau de García (born 11 March 1949) is an Argentine-born Peruvian

economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...

and the widow of former

President of Peru The president of Peru (), officially the constitutional president of the Republic of Peru (), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the supreme head of the Peruvian Armed ...

Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the American Popula ...

, she was that nation's First Lady on two occasions.

Biography

Born in

Córdoba, Argentina Córdoba () is a city in central Argentina, in the foothills of the Punilla Valley, Sierras Chicas on the Primero River, Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province, Argentina, Córdoba Province an ...

, Pilar Nores was the thirteenth of fourteen children of a traditional family; her father,

Rogelio Nores Martínez Rogelio Nores Martínez (1906–1975) was an Argentine engineer and politician. He was born in the city of Córdoba in 1906 and died in 1975. His parents were Antonio Nores and Isabel Martinez Berrotarán. Education He studied at the Faculty of ...

, served as interim Governor of Córdoba from 1962 to 1963, and was Director of the

National University of Córdoba The National University of Córdoba (), is a public university located in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Founded in 1613, the university is the oldest in Argentina, the third oldest university of the Americas, with the first university being ...

from 1967 to 1970. She completed her primary and secondary education at the Alejandro Carbó School, obtaining her high school diploma at the

Manuel Belgrano Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentina, Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He to ...

High School. She enrolled at the National University of Córdoba, and earned a degree in

Economics Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interac ...

in 1969. She traveled in 1976 to

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

, where she attended a seminar and met

, a Peruvian lawyer and APRA activist. They were married in 1978, and returned to Peru, where Alan García was elected to

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

in 1980, and as

in 1985. The couple had four children: three daughters, Josefina, Gabriela del Pilar and Luciana Victoria; and a son, Alan Raúl Simón. A first cousin of her father, Víctor Hipólito Martínez, served as

Vice President of Argentina The Vice President of Argentina (), officially known as the Vice President of the Argentine Nation (), is the second highest political position in Argentina, and first in the line of succession to the president of Argentina. The office was estab ...

from 1983 to 1989. During her husband's first presidential period (1985–1990) she created and directed the non-profit ''Fundación por los Niños del Perú'' (Foundation for the Children of Peru), a

non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus ...

working with abandoned children. She also initiated and directed the ''Programa de Asistencia Directa'' (Direct Assistance Program), a government program promoting the economic and social development of women and infants in Peru. She created the ''Instituto Trabajo y Familia'' (Institute for Labor and Family - ITYF) in 2001, a non-profit NGO that promotes social and productive development. She started the Juvenile Violence Program to develop and implement prevention plans against

juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior younger than the statutory age of majority. These acts would be considered crimes if the individuals committing them were older. The term ...

in the most difficult districts of

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

. Returning as First Lady upon her husband's election in 2006, Mrs. Nores de García had the First Lady's Office terminated. She instead inaugurated the ''Sembrando'' Program, a plan that works with the families of Andean communities in Peru, many of whom live in

extreme poverty Extreme poverty is the most severe type of poverty, defined by the United Nations (UN) as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, ...

. Installing over 92,000 kitchen and sanitation fixtures in impoverished homes, ''Sembrando'' (Sowing) promotes job training and

technological innovation Technological innovation is an extended concept of innovation. While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world. Innovation refers to ...

to enhance productivity and social development in these communities. She and Alan García were separated in 2010, and upon the end of his tenure in 2011, she retired as First Lady with high approval ratings among the Peruvian public.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nores, Pilar 1949 births Living people People from Córdoba, Argentina First ladies of Peru Peruvian philanthropists Argentine philanthropists Argentine emigrants to Peru National University of Córdoba alumni Argentine people of Spanish descent Peruvian people of Spanish descent