Pierre Maurice Julien de Quérangal (; 13 December 1758 in Lorient – ) was a

French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...

officer.Pierre Maurice Julien DE QUÉRANGAL
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Life

Quérangal joined the

in 1775, rising to lieutenant by 1790. In 1791, he was sent to

Saint-Domingue Saint-Domingue () was a French colonization of the Americas, French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1659 to 1803. The name derives from the Spanish main city on the isl ...

, where he captained a schooner and a brig, and was tasked with secret missions. Sent back to Nantes, he was briefly arrested. He went to Paris and resigned his commission in reaction to the

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. On the advice of

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, then Ministre de la Marine, he joined back and was sent to Brest. There, he had to fight a number of accusations; he was eventually sent to Lorient by

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, where was made first officer of ''Tyrannicide''. He was later given command of the fluyt ''Ville de Lorient'', but was shortly arrested again, and detained for nine months. Released, Quérangal was appointed to ''Océan'', flagship of the fleet, as first general aid major. He took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, where he was tasked to conduct rescue operations when ''Superbe'' foundered after taking in water; Quérangal managed to save the 936-man crew and left the ship last, and returned to ''Océan'' where he was promoted to captain on the spot. Returned to Brest, Quérangal was given command of the frigate ''Cocarde'', leading a three-frigate squadron to patrol off France and Ireland. He was later given command of two larger squadrons to patrol off Spain. In November 1795, Quérangal was given command of the 74-gun ''Mucius'', on which he let a division during the

Expédition d'Irlande The French expedition to Ireland, known in French as the ''Expédition d'Irlande'' ("Expedition to Ireland"), was an unsuccessful attempt by the French Republic to assist the outlawed Society of United Irishmen, a popular rebel Irish republica ...

. He managed to reach the designated landing spot in

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, where he waited the rest of the fleet until it became clear that the expedition was a failure. ''Mucius'' returned to Brest, which she reached on 1 January 1797. In early 1798, Quérangal was appointed in command of the 74-gun ''Duquesne'', part of a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Bruix. He briefly took part in the

Saint-Domingue expedition The Saint-Domingue expedition was a large French military invasion sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then French Consulate, First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772), Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to ...

, though ''Duquesne'' aborted her journey early due to a leak and had to return to Toulon. Quérangal was then put in command of the Mediterranean station, and in October 1802, he was tasked to ferry reinforcements to Saint-Domingue. Upon his arrival, Admiral Latouche Tréville put him in command of a division comprising ''Duquesne'', ''Intrépide'' and the 40-gun ''Sibylle'', along with two corvettes and a number of transports, and tasked with supporting general Clausel in his attack of

Port-de-Paix Port-de-Paix (; or ; meaning "Port of Peace") is a List of communes of Haiti, commune and the capital of the Nord-Ouest (department), Nord-Ouest Departments of Haiti, department of Haiti on the Atlantic coast. It has a population of 462,000 (201 ...

. In March 1803, Quérangal replaced Latouche Tréville in command of the Northern station at Cap Français. In July, the French station was blockaded by a British squadron. With imminent arrival of an important convoy, it was decided to sacrifice ''Duquesne'' in an attempt to lure the British off the colony. Quérangal requested that his crew, weakened by fevers from 863 men to only 235, be reinforced, but none fit for duty could be assigned to ''Duquesne'' before she departed. She was soon detected by the British squadron, which gave chase; ''Duquesne'' fought a rear-guard battle until a British ship cut her path; surrounded by a much stronger opponent and his crew in no condition to fight on, Quérangal then struck his colours. He was taken to

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, where he was detained three months before HMS ''Cumberland'' ferried him to England. Quérangal was released on parole after three years and a half. In February 1807, he went to Paris and requested a court-martial for the loss of ''Duquesne'', as was the custom for captains whose ships were lost or captured; Napoleon, however, refused, stating that ''Duquesne'' was a small loss to pay for the colony and that the intended manoeuver had been successfully completed by Quérangal, and rewarding him with advantageous positions for his daughter and son. Quérangal was then appointed to Rochefort harbour. At the

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, Quérangal was maintained in his duties at Rochefort. After the

Hundred Days The Hundred Days ( ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII o ...

, he was accused of bonapartism, and was retired with the rank of

contre-amiral Counter admiral is a military rank used for high-ranking officers in several navies around the world, though the rank is not used in the English-speaking world, where its equivalent rank is rear admiral. The term derives from the French . Dependi ...

Sources and references

*''Biographie Des Hommes Du Jour'', Germain Sarrut & Edme Thédore Bourg, pp 353–35

{{DEFAULTSORT:Querangal, Pierre Maurice Julien French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars French Navy admirals 1758 births 1840 deaths Military personnel from Lorient