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Panyu, formerly romanized as Punyü, is one of 11 urban districts of the
prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...
of
Guangzhou Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...
, the capital of Guangdong Province,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. Since January 1975, Panyu County has been under Guangzhou's administration. In 1992, Panyu County was renamed to Panyu county-level city, still under Guangzhou's administration. It was subsequently renamed to Panyu District on 10 July 2000. The present district covers an area of about .


Geography

Panyu lies at the heart of the
Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, ...
. It extends from latitudes 22.26' to 23.05', and from longitudes 113.14' to 113.42'. Facing the Lion Sea in the east and the estuary of the Pearl River in the south, its eastern border is separated from
Dongguan Dongguan,; pinyin: alternately romanized via Cantonese as Tungkun, is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. An important industrial city in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou t ...
by a strip of water, and the western border of Panyu is adjacent to the cities of Nanhai, Shunde and
Zhongshan Zhongshan ( zh, c=中山 ), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Chungshan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is n ...
, while it abuts the downtown of Guangzhou in the north. The site of the People's government of Panyu is Shiqiao which is from downtown Guangzhou and from the cities of Hong Kong and Macau, respectively. Shiqiao may have once been called "Stone Bridge town", but because of war, the characters changed, so Shiqiao was rewritten using the characters for "city" and "bridge".


History

The Chinese settlement at Panyu was established by the Qin armies under
Zhao Tuo Zhao Tuo (), rendered as Triệu Đà in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, was a Qin dynasty Chinese general and first emperor of Nanyue. He participated in the conquest of the Baiyue peoples of Guangdong, Guangxi and Northern Vietnam. After ...
during their first failed invasion of the
Baiyue The Baiyue, Hundred Yue, or simply Yue, were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of southern China and northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD. They were known for their short hair, body tattoos, fine swo ...
in
Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
in 214 BC. There are at least 11 separate theories on the etymology of the name. Upon the fall of the Qin,
Zhao Tuo Zhao Tuo (), rendered as Triệu Đà in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese, was a Qin dynasty Chinese general and first emperor of Nanyue. He participated in the conquest of the Baiyue peoples of Guangdong, Guangxi and Northern Vietnam. After ...
established Panyu as the capital of his kingdom of
Nanyue Nanyue ( zh, c=南越 or 南粵, p=Nányuè, cy=, j=Naam4 Jyut6, l=Southern Yue, , ), was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general Zhao Tuo, whose family (known in Vietnamese as the Triệu dynasty) continued to rule until ...
in 204 BC. Archaeological evidence shows that it was a burgeoning commercial center: among the present material object remnants, there are those of Southeast Asian, Indian, and even African origin.
Yuexiu District Yuexiu District is one of 11 urban districts and the seat of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China, located west of the Tianhe District and east of the Liwan District. It is the commercial, politic ...
, most of Baiyun and Huangpu Districts, and parts of parts of
Liwan Liwan (, , from Persian ) is a long narrow-fronted hall or vaulted portal in ancient and modern Levantine homes that is often open to the outside.Abercrombie, 1910, p. 266.Davey, 1993, p. 29. An Arabic loanword to English, it is ultimately der ...
, Haizhu, and
Tianhe District Tianhe District () is one of the eleven districts of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province. In Chinese, the name Tianhe literally means "River of Heaven", which is also a Chinese name for the Milky Way. It is bordered by Yuexiu District ...
s were originally part of Panyu County but were ceded to Guangzhou as it expanded. In January 1975, Panyu County is under Guangzhou's administration. In 1992, Panyu County renamed to Panyu county-level city and still under Guangzhou's administration. It renamed to Panyu District on 10 July 2000. By 28 April 2005, the southern part of Panyu was split off as the new Nansha District. On 30 September 2012, three southern towns of Panyu— Dongchong, Dagang, and Lanhe—were removed to Nansha's jurisdiction.


Administrative divisions

Panyu district administers ten subdistricts () and six
towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
(). The district's executive and legislative headquarters, and its
judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
are based in the Shiqiao, together with the CPC and PSB branches. On 1 December 2012 three towns ( Dongchong, Dagang, & Lanhe) were transferred to Nansha District.


Transfer Towns

The following towns have been abolished, some by absorption into the Development zone of the Nansha District. * Lianhuashan (), named after Lianhuashan Hill * Xinken () * Tanzhou () * Yuwotou () * Huangge () * Hengli () * Wanqingsha () * Dongchong () * Dagang () * Lanhe ()


Villages

Under its various Subdistricts and Towns (and in the one Development zone), Panyu has 305 administration villages (行政村) - i.e. 305 village governments. There are other 'natural villages' (自然村) which administratively count as being in one or another of the administration villages.


Climate


Economy

Statistics shows that in the year 1998, the GDP in the district was 33.25 billion yuan, an increase of 13% over the previous year, and the GDP per capita was 35.5 thousand Yuan, an increase of 11% compared with the previous year. The amusement park operator
Chimelong Chimelong Group Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese company that owns and operates theme parks in China. The company also owns restaurants, hotels, and other businesses. It is one of the leading Chinese amusement park operators. The company was founded in ...
has its headquarters on the grounds of
Chimelong Paradise Chimelong Paradise () is a major amusement park in Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Opened on April 12, 2006, Chimelong Paradise is the largest amusement park in China and boasts the 10 Inversion Roller Coaster, which prior to the o ...
in the district.


Transportation

Guangzhou Metro The Guangzhou Metro ( zh, s=广州地铁, labels=no) is the rapid transit system of the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong Province of China. It is operated by the state-owned Guangzhou Metro Corporation and was the fourth metro system to be b ...
Lines 2 and 3 serve parts of Panyu District. Line 2 was extended into the district in September 2010. Guangzhou South railway station, the main high-speed railway station serving Guangzhou, is situated within the boundaries of Panyu District. Panyu Public Transport operates buses in the district.


Metro

Panyu is currently service by six metro lines operated by
Guangzhou Metro The Guangzhou Metro ( zh, s=广州地铁, labels=no) is the rapid transit system of the city of Guangzhou in the Guangdong Province of China. It is operated by the state-owned Guangzhou Metro Corporation and was the fourth metro system to be b ...
: * - Luoxi, Nanpu, Huijiang, Shibi (), Guangzhou South Station ( ) ( ) * - Xiajiao,
Dashi is a family of stocks used in Japanese cuisine. ''Dashi'' forms the base for miso soup, clear broth soup, noodle broth soup, and many simmering liquids to accentuate the savory flavor known as umami. ''Dashi'' is also mixed into the flour b ...
, Hanxi Changlong (), Shiqiao, Panyu Square, , , , () * - Higher Education Mega Center North, Higher Education Mega Center South (), Xinzao, Guanqiao , Shiqi, Haibang (), Dichong, Qingsheng * - Guangzhou South Station (), Shibi (), Xiecun, Zhongcun, Hanxi Changlong (), Nancun Wanbo (), Yuangang, Banqiao, Higher Education Mega Center South () * - , (), ( ) * - ( ), , ( ) ( ),


Tourist attractions

* Yuyin Mount Garden:One of the four famous gardens in
Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
Province in the
Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
. * Baomo Garden * Lotus Hill * Changlong Night Zoo * Xiangjiang Wildlife World * Chime-Long Paradise * Shawan Ancient Town


Major educational institutions

The Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center includes more than ten higher education institutions. Schools for Chinese students: * Guangdong Zhongyuan High School * Nord Anglia School Guangzhou Panyu International schools: * Canadian International School of Guangzhou * Guangzhou Korea School * Clifford International School


Notable individuals

People born in or with family links to the Panyu District:


International Relations

Panyu has a cooperational agreement with: *
Aveiro, Portugal Aveiro () is a city and a List of municipalities of Portugal, municipality in Portugal. In 2021, the population was 80,880, in an area of : it is the second most populous city in the Centro Region, Portugal, Centro Region of Portugal (after Coimbr ...
*
Prague 5 Prague 5, formally the Prague 5 Municipal District (''Městská čast Praha 5''), is a Prague city districts, second-tier municipality in Prague. The administrative district (''správní obvod'') of the same name consists of municipal districts Pra ...
,
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...


See also

* Hung Shing


Notes


References


External links

*
Panyu Panyu District official website
* ttp://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/China/Guangdong_Sheng/Panyu-1002279/TravelGuide-Panyu.html Panyu Travel Guidebr>'Red Diamond'
on Panyu's diamond processing industry, by Venkatesan Vembu, Daily News & Analysis, 11 March 2007 {{Authority control Districts of Guangzhou