In
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...
grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rul ...
, a perispomenon ( ; ) is a word with a high-low
pitch contour on the last syllable, indicated in writing by a
tilde diacritic
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacrit ...
() or an
inverted breve
Inverse or invert may refer to:
Science and mathematics
* Inverse (logic), a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence
* Additive inverse, the inverse of a number that, when added to the ...
accent mark () in native transcriptions with the Greek alphabet, or by a
circumflex
The circumflex () is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from "bent around"a translation of ...
accent mark () in transcriptions with the Latin alphabet. A properispomenon has the same kind of accent, but on the penultimate syllable.
Examples:
* , ''theoû'', "of a god", is a perispomenon
* ''prâxis'' "business" is a properispomenon
Etymology
''Peri-spṓmenon'' means "pronounced with a circumflex", the
neuter of the
present
The present is the period of time that is occurring now. The present is contrasted with the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur.
It is sometimes represented as a hyperplan ...
passive participle
In linguistics, a participle (; abbr. ) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. More narrowly, ''participle'' has been defined as "a word derived from a verb and used as an adject ...
of ''peri-spáō'' "pronounce with a circumflex" (also "draw off"). ''Pro-peri-spṓmenon'' adds the prefix ''pró'' "before".
[.] , ''perispomeni'', is the Greek name for the accent marks ( or ) used above Greek letters, also known as , ''oxýbarys'', "high-low" or "acute-grave", and its original form as a circumflex accent () was combining the acute () and grave () pitch accents occurring successively only in bimoraic syllables (with long vowels or diphthongs).
See also
*
Greek diacritics
Greek orthography has used a variety of diacritics starting in the Hellenistic period. The more complex polytonic orthography (), which includes five diacritics, notates Ancient Greek phonology. The simpler monotonic orthography (), introduce ...
*
Circumflex
The circumflex () is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from "bent around"a translation of ...
*
Pitch accent
A pitch-accent language is a type of language that, when spoken, has certain syllables in words or morphemes that are prominent, as indicated by a distinct contrasting pitch (music), pitch (tone (linguistics), linguistic tone) rather than by vol ...
*
Ultima (linguistics)
*
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch (music), pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflection, inflect words. All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic informat ...
References
Greek grammar
Ancient Greek
Phonology
{{AncientGreek-lang-stub