The Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV; ;

Chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: 軍解放沔南越南), also recognized as the Liberation Army ( or ), was an irregular and regular military force established as the nominal armed wing of the

National Liberation Front of South Vietnam The Viet Cong (VC) was an epithet and umbrella term to refer to the Communism, communist-driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam. It was formally organized as and led by the National Liberation Front of South Vi ...

(or Viet Cong - VC) by the

Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the col ...

in 1961 in South Vietnam. It operated as a part of the existing

People's Army of Vietnam The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), officially the Vietnam People's Army (VPA; , , ), also recognized as the Vietnamese Army (), the People's Army () or colloquially the Troops ( ), is the national Military, military force of the Vietnam, S ...

(PAVN) of

North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954 Geneva Conference, 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it o ...

, having its name the only official organization of communist-aligned armed forces to fought in South Vietnam. In 1962, the People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam separated from the Communist Party of Vietnam in terms of external appearance, openly directing the Liberation Army's military. Politically, the LASV was under the direction of the VC and the

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, ), was formed on 8 June 1969, by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) as an armed underground government opposing the government of the Republic of ...

. The military forces although collectively known as the Liberation Army of South Vietnam, still use the unit names, military badges and war flag of the PAVN. After the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, the forces of the LASV were merged into the PAVN one by one. This merger was completed in 1975 and 1976. Although the LASV and the PAVN were nominally two different armies, they shared the same leadership and could completely merge, split, and supplement forces according to their needs. After 1975, the Communist Party of Vietnam acknowledged leading both LASV and the PAVN during the war. The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam also received the secret direction of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In 1976, with the official reunification of Vietnam, this army was dissloved. The LASV was under the open direction of the High Command of the Armed Forces for the Liberation of South Vietnam, and secretly under the direction of the Politburo of Communist Party of Vietnam and the Central Military Commission of the PAVN, Central Department for South Vietnam, the High Command of the Armed Forces for the Liberation of South Vietnam. The Central Department for South Vietnam and the High Command of the Armed Forces for the Liberation of South Vietnam directed in the area B2 (Ninh Thuan to Ca Mau).

Organization

According to 1954 Geneva agreements, the

Viet Minh The Việt Minh (, ) is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam ( or , ; ), which was a Communist Party of Vietnam, communist-led national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1 ...

were not compulsorily removed to the North because it was a political entity, not a military force. Hanoi support for the Viet Minh to establish the NLF forces was allowed on the basis that it remained a militia in the South. The LASV was recognized as the official force on February 15, 1961 by

. The LASV originally carried out operations ostensibly to protect South Vietnamese citizens from offensives by the Republic of Vietnam and the United States. Most early soldiers in the LASV were South Vietnamese. However, casualties of war forced North Vietnam to provide volunteers for the LASV. The DRV and other Marxist-Leninist nations recognised the LASV as the primary militarily force in South Vietnam and considered the PAVN to be its parent organization. Command mechanism: Public: The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government led politically The People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam and the Regional Command command military affairs throughout the South Secret: The Politburo and Central Military Commission of the Labor Party of Vietnam, the General Command of the Vietnam People's Army direct the entire South, directly on the battlefields B1, B3, B4, B5. The Central Department of the South, the Military Commission of the South, the Command of the Region on the battlefield B2, under the general direction of the Labor Party of Vietnam The Politburo, the Secretariat of the Labor Party and directly the Central Department of the South of the Labor Party secretly directed the National Front for Liberation and the Provisional Revolutionary Government. After the reunification of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

in 1975, the Liberation Army of South Vietnam was merged into the

in 1976. In fact, all the Viet Cong army forces had been incorporated into the North Vietnamese army since early 1975.

Developments

In January 1961, the militia in South Vietnam became the official force there. On February 15, 1961, North Vietnam recognized it as the main battle force in South Vietnam. At the end of 1961, there were 24,500 soldiers and 100,000 militants in the LASV. The LASV had 11 battalions, with commanding generals

Trần Văn Trà Nguyễn Chấn, known as Trần Văn Trà (15 September 1919 – 20 April 1996) was a colonel-general in the People's Army of Vietnam. He was Commander of B2 Front during 1963 – 1967, Deputy Commander of Liberation Army of South Vietnam dur ...

, Hoàng Văn Thái, Lê Trọng Tấn,

Lê Đức Anh Lê Đức Anh (; 1 December 1920 – 22 April 2019) was a Vietnamese politician and general who served as the fifth President of Vietnam from 1992 to 1997. He previously led the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s. He was regar ...

, Nguyễn Thị Định, and others. The LASV initially confined its operations to rural areas due to Ngô Đình Diệm's tough crackdown on Communist sympathizers. However, the number of soldiers still went up to 64,000 in 1963. As the result, regiments were established. From 1964,

started providing soldiers for the LASV through volunteers. The number of the LASV soldiers reached over 290,000 in December 1974, including 90,000 from the South. The South Vietnamese and United States forces outnumbered the PAVN by at least 7 to 1 until 1965; even after 1965 the coalition forces still outnumbered the PAVN by 3 to 1. The LASV also included urban fighting forces, especially in Saigon. These forces had mission of carrying out cover attacks against South Vietnam and American forces and its allies in urban areas, especially in Saigon. The urban special force in Saigon is famous in the 1968 Tet offensive.

Main units

* 7th Division established in 1966 in South Vietnam, on the basis of the two Regiments 141 and 165 of the old 312th Division in the North. After that, the formation had many other regiments marching southwards, subordinated to the division. Regiment: 16th Regiment (101st Regiment, 325th Division), 14th Regiment (18th Regiment, 325th Division), 209th Regiment (312th Division), 95C Regiment (9th Division). In 1974, The group was in the 4th Army Corps (B2). * 9th Division established in 1965 in South Vietnam, on the basis of two regiments Q761 and Q762. Soldiers in the formation of the division consisted of all three regions, the largest number of which were Southerners who had participated in Dong Khoi. In 1974, the division was in the 4th Army Corps (B2). In 1975 the division was in Division 232 for some time. * 5th Division established in 1965 in South Vietnam from two regiments Q.764 (E4) and Q.765 (E55), in 1975 was part of Division 232 for a period of time, participating in the Ho Chi Minh campaign, wing west-south, then to Military Region 7. * 3rd Division established in 1965 under the 5th Military Region, consisting of the 2nd Regiment (a "original Viet Cong" regiment completely recruited from the local), the 12th Regiment (former the 18th Regiment of the 325th Division with the traditional tradition from the Indochina War. February 1965, regiment departed for the battlefield), 22nd Regiment, 21st Regiment * 2nd Division was established in 1965 in the 5th Military Region, on the basis of the 1st regiment in Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, the 21st regiment of the North and the addition of the 70th infantry battalion...In 1975, it belonged to the 3rd Army Corps. When the 3rd Army Corps marched to the South, the 2nd Division stayed in the 5th Military Region. *The 3rd Division belongs to the Regional Command (B2) (also called Phuoc Long division or 303 division, in Legion 232) *The 4th Division belongs to the 9th Military Region *the 8th Division belongs to the 8th Military Region, established 22 October 1974... *The 812th Infantry Regiment was established in 1950, formerly known as 120 Company, local army zone 6, developed into the main 840 battalion of Military Region 6, operating mainly on the southernmost battlefield of Central Vietnam. After the Geneva agreement was signed, the 840th battalion was ordered to assemble to the North. In 1974, the 6th Military Region Command decided to establish the 812th Infantry Regiment. *Gia Dinh Regiment was established in 1959 in South Vietnam. On April 1, 1975, the unit was officially named Gia Dinh Regiment. *The 88th Infantry Regiment was established in 1949 in North Vietnam and split in 1965 into Regiment 88B and Regiment 88A. Regiment 88A was assigned to the South. In March 1975, the Regiment separated from the 8th Military Region to consolidate its forces, participating in the Ho Chi Minh campaign as the 5th wing of the 232nd division. After that, the 88th Regiment belonged to the 302nd Division, the 7th Military Region. *The 6th Infantry Regiment belongs to the Tri - Thien Military Region, established 1965

Equipment

The Viet Minh established the NLF in order to help reunified Vietnam. PAVN forces that went to the South were sent with the express mission to aid the NLF. The NLF army had different uniforms, flags and badges to those of the PAVN.

Small arms

Handguns

* Tokarev TT-33 – Soviet-designed single-action 7.62×25mm semi-automatic pistol. More commonly used were the Chinese variants of the T33, known as the Type-51 and Type-54. Carried by PAVN and Viet-Cong officers, it accepted an 8-round single stack box magazine. * Makarov PM – Soviet-designed double/single-action 9×18mm Makarov (9.5×18mm) semi-automatic pistol. Reproduced in China as the Type-59, this small and reliable pistol became the standard sidearm of communist forces in Europe and Asia. Utilizing a simple blow-back action, this self-loading pistol fed from an 8-round single stack box magazine. * P-64 CZAK handgun *

Nagant M1895 The Nagant M1895 is a seven-shot, gas-seal revolver designed and produced by Belgian industrialist Fabrique d'armes Émile et Léon Nagant, Léon Nagant for the Russian Empire. The Nagant M1895 was chambered for a proprietary cartridge, 7.62×38 ...

revolver * Mauser C96 (from the Soviet Union) * M1911 handgun * Walther P38 (from the Soviet Union) * Home-made pistols, such as copies of the M1911, Luger or of the Mauser C96 (''Cao Dai 763'') or crude one-shot guns, were also used by the Viet Cong early in the war.

Automatic and semi-automatic rifles

AK-47 The AK-47, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kala ...

and AKM assault rifles (from the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries) * Type 56 assault rifle (from the People's Republic of China) * Vz. 58 assault rifle (from Czechoslovakia) * Type 63 assault rifle * Kbkg wz. 1960 (from the Poland) * Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle (captured by the Soviets during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

and provided to the PAVN and the LASV as military aid) * SVD-63 Very limited use semi-automatic marksman rifle, also known as the "Dragunov" sniper rifle *

MAS-49 rifle The MAS-49 is a French semi-automatic rifle that replaced various bolt-action rifles as the French service rifle that was produced from 1949. It was designed and manufactured by the government-owned Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne, MAS arms ...

Captured French rifle from first Indochina War, used by PAVN throughout the 1950s and up to the mid 1960s * M16A1, M14 American assault rifle captured from U.S and ARVN forces. * SKS semi-automatic carbine, also known as Simonov *

M1 Garand The M1 Garand or M1 rifleOfficially designated as U.S. rifle, caliber .30, M1, later simply called Rifle, Caliber .30, M1, also called US Rifle, Cal. .30, M1 is a semi-automatic rifle that was the service rifle of the United States Army, U.S. ...

* M1/M2 Carbine * Home-made rifles, often spring-action rifles made to look like a M1 Garand or a M1 Carbine, were also used by the Viet Cong.

Bolt-action rifles

* MAS-36 rifle Captured French rifle from first Indochina War, used by PAVN in earlier stages of the Vietnam War *

Mosin–Nagant The Mosin–Nagant is a five-shot, Bolt action, bolt-action, Magazine (firearms), internal magazine–fed military rifle. Known officially as the 3-line rifle M1891, in Russia and the former Soviet Union as Mosin's rifle (, ISO 9: ) and inform ...

bolt-action rifles and carbines (from the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, and the People's Republic of China) * Mauser Kar98k bolt-action rifle (many of the Mausers used by the PAVN and the LASV were from rifles captured from the French during the

First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between French Fourth Republic, France and Việ ...

and rifles provided to them by the Soviets as military aid) * Type 99 Rifle captured from the Japanese during World War II * M1917 Enfield USA bolt-action rifles * Berthier Captured French rifle from first Indochina War, used by Vietcong in earlier stages of the Vietnam War * Vz. 24 bolt-action rifles from the Czechoslovakia * Type 24 bolt-action rifles from the Chinese * Lebel Captured French rifle from first Indochina War, used by PAVN in earlier stages of the Vietnam War * Older or rarer rifles were often modified by the Viet Cong early in the war: Gras mle 1874 carbines were rechambered to .410 bore while Destroyer carbines were modified to accept the magazine of the Walther P38. * Homemade shotguns, some inspired by the BAR or the Arisaka Type 99, were used by the Viet Cong early in the war.

Submachine guns

K-50M The PPSh-41 () is a selective-fire, open-bolt, blowback submachine gun that fires the 7.62×25mm Tokarev round. It was designed by Georgy Shpagin of the Soviet Union to be a cheaper and simplified alternative to the PPD-40. The PPSh-41 saw ...

submachine gun (Vietnamese edition, based on Chinese version of Russian PPSh-41, produced under license) * Škorpion vz. 61 submachine gun from Czechoslovakia * M3/M3A1 submachine gun from USA * Thompson submachine gun from USA *

PPSh-41 The PPSh-41 () is a selective-fire, open-bolt, blowback submachine gun that fires the 7.62×25mm Tokarev round. It was designed by Georgy Shpagin of the Soviet Union to be a cheaper and simplified alternative to the PPD-40. The PPSh-41 saw ...

submachine gun (both Soviet and Chinese versions) * MP-40 German sub machine captured during World War II by the Soviet Army, supplied to the Viet Cong in limited amounts *

MAT-49 The MAT-49 is a submachine gun which was developed by the French arms factory Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Tulle (MAT) for use by the French Army. It was first produced in 1949 and remained in French service until it was phased out following ...

submachine gun – Captured from the French by the North Vietnamese, many were converted to 7.62×25mm. * PM-63 Polish submachine gun * MP-38 submachine gun (captured by the Soviets during World War II; provided to the PAVN and the NLF as military aid) * PPS-43 Russian submachine gun * Sten England submachine gun * Type 100 (use from Indochina war)

Machine guns

* Type 99 LMG * RPD light machine gun * Degtyarev DP light machine gun * SG-43/ SGM medium machine guns (including Chinese copies) * RPK light machine gun * ZB-26 light machine gun * FM 24/29 light machine gun *

PK machine gun The PK (, transliterated as ''Pulemyot Kalashnikova'', or "Kalashnikov's machine gun"), is a belt-fed general-purpose machine gun, chambered for the 7.62×54mmR rimmed cartridge. The modernized and most commonly known variant, known as the PKM ...

Very limited use. * MG-34 light machine gun (captured by the Soviets during World War II; provided to the PAVN and the NLF as military aid) * MG-42 medium machine gun (captured by the Soviets during World War II; provided to the PAVN and the NLF as military aid) * FG-42 medium machine gun (captured by the Soviets during World War II; provided to the PAVN and the NLF as military aid) * Uk vz. 59 general-purpose machine gun *

DShK The DShK M1938 (Cyrillic: ДШК, for ) is a Soviet heavy machine gun. The weapon may be vehicle mounted or used on a tripod or wheeled carriage as a heavy infantry machine gun. The DShK's name is derived from its original designer, Vasily Degtya ...

heavy machine gun * Browning M1917 heavy machine gun *

PM M1910 The Pulyemyot Maksima M1910 (), or PM M1910, is a heavy machine gun based on the Maxim gun, that was used by the Imperial Russian Army, Navy and Air Service during World War I, then by the Red, White and Green armies during the Russian Civil Wa ...

heavy machine gun

Grenades and other explosives

* F1 grenade * Type 67 stick grenade *

RG-42 The Soviet RG-42 (Ручная Граната образца 42 года > ''Ruchnaya Granata obraztsa 42 goda'', "Hand Grenade pattern of 92 year") was a fragmentation grenade designed by S. G. Korshunov. While it was introduced as a stopgap ...

grenade * RGD-5 grenade *

9K32 Strela-2 The 9K32 Strela-2 (; NATO reporting name SA-7 Grail) is a light-weight, shoulder-fired, surface-to-air missile or MANPADS system. It is designed to target aircraft at low altitudes with passive infrared homing, infrared-homing guidance and dest ...

anti-aircraft weapon *

RPG-2 The RPG-2 ( Russian: РПГ-2, Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт, ''Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granatomyot''; English: "hand-held antitank grenade launcher") is a man-portable, shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon that was de ...

anti-tank weapon (both Soviet and locally produced B-40 and B-50 variants used) *

RPG-7 The RPG-7 is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank, rocket launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has t ...

anti-tank weapon *

Type 69 RPG The Type 69 85mm RPG (), made by Norinco, is a Chinese variant of the Soviet RPG-7. First introduced in 1972, the Type 69 is a common individual anti-tank weapon in service with the People's Liberation Army, PLA. More advanced Rocket-propelled gr ...

anti-tank weapon * PTRD-41

Flamethrowers

* LPO-50 flamethrower (limited use)

Artillery

* ZPU-4 quad 14.5 mm anti-aircraft machine gun * ZU-23 twin 23 mm anti-aircraft cannon * M1939 37 mm anti-aircraft gun * S-60 57 mm anti-aircraft gun *

85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) The 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) () was an Soviet Union, Soviet anti-aircraft gun, developed under guidance of leading Soviet designers Loginov Mikhail Nikolaevich, M. N. Loginov and G. D. Dorokhin. This gun was successfully used thr ...

* 100 mm air defense gun KS-19 KS-19

* 82-PM-41 82 mm mortar * 107 mm M1938 mortar * M1938 120 mm mortar * M1943 160 mm mortar * Type 63 107 mm rocket launcher *

BM-21 Grad The BM-21 "Grad" () is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-S ...

122 mm rocket launcher * 122 mm

Katyusha Katyusha () is a diminutive of the Russian name Ekaterina or Yekaterina, the Russian form of Katherine Katherine (), also spelled Catherine and Catherina, other variations, is a feminine given name. The name and its variants are popular in c ...

rockets * BM-25 (MRL) limited numbers *

122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19) 122 mm corps gun M1931/37 (A-19) () was a Soviet Union, Soviet field gun developed in late 1930s by combining the barrel of the 122 mm gun M1931 (A-19) and the carriage of the 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20). The gun was in production from ...

122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) The 122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) (GRAU index: 52-G-463) is a Soviet Union, Soviet 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer. The weapon was developed by the design bureau of Motovilikha Plants, headed by Fyodor Petrov, F. F. Petrov, in the la ...

* D-74 122 mm field gun * 130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46) * 152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1) * 152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)

Aircraft weapons

Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 () is a twin-barreled 23 mm autocannon developed in the Soviet Union, primarily for military aircraft use. It entered service in 1965, replacing the earlier Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 and Rikhter R-23. The GSh-23 ...

* Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30 *

Nudelman N-37 The Nudelman N-37 was a 37 mm (1.46 in) aircraft autocannon used by the Soviet Union. It was designed during World War II by V. Ya. Nemenov of Alexander Nudelman, A.E. Nudelman's OKB-16 to replace the earlier Nudelman-Suranov NS-37 and e ...

* Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23

Activities

There are few traits to distinguish between LASV and PAVN forces. Over half of LASV and PAVN soldiers were members of the Communist Party of Vietnam. However, LASV and PAVN forces nominally used different flags and emblems. PAVN troops carried the North Vietnamese flag, while LASV troops carried the Viet Cong flag. FNL Flag

List of military victories

* Battle of Ap Bac - 2 January, 1963 * Battle of Hiep Hoa - 22 November, 1963 * Attack on USNS Card - May 2, 1964 * Battle of An Lão - December 7–9, 1964 *

Battle of Binh Gia The Battle of Bình Giã () was conducted by the Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) from 28 December 1964, to 1 January 1965, during the Vietnam War in Bình Giã, Phước Tuy province (now part of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu provin ...

- December 28, 1964 - January 1 1965 * Attack on Camp Holloway * Battle of Ba Gia *

Battle of Dong Xoai A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force c ...

* Battle of Gang Toi * Battle of Xa Cam My * Attack on the SS Baton Rouge Victory * Battle of Ong Thanh * Attack on Cu Chi Base Camp

Significant leaders

Commanders

Political Commissars

Chiefs of Staff

Other leaders

Battle forces

If a LASV unit has the same name with a PAVN unit, the LASV name will have the letter "B" added after the unit number. * Tây Nguyên Corps (Main battle force in Central Highlands area) * Cửu Long Corps (Main battle force in Mekong Delta area) * Division 1 (Main battle force in Central Highlands area) * Division 2 (Main battle force in South Central Coast area) aka Quảng Đà Division or Steel Division * Division 3 (Main battle force in South Central Coast area) aka Sao Vàng (Yellow Star) Division *

Division 4 ''Division 4'' is an Australian television police drama series broadcast by the Nine Network and created by Crawford Productions airing between 1969 and 1975 for 301 episodes. Synopsis The series was one of the first to follow up on the enor ...

(Main battle force in the South) * Division 5 (Main battle force in

Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta ( or simply ), also known as the Western Region () or South-western region (), is the list of regions of Vietnam, region in southwestern Vietnam where the Mekong, Mekong River River delta, approaches and empties into the sea th ...

area) * Division 6 (Main battle force in Southeastern area) * Division 7 (Main battle force in the South) * Division 8 (Main battle force in

area) * Division 9 (Main battle force in the South) * Division 10 (Main battle force in Central Highlands area) * Division 31 * Division 303 (Main battle force in the South) * Division 304B (Viet Cong) * Division 308B (Viet Cong) * Division 324B (Viet Cong) * Division 325 (Main battle force in Central Highlands area) * Special forces Division 100 (Viet Cong) * Special forces Division 305

References

{{Reflist 1961 establishments in South Vietnam National liberation armies Rebellions in Vietnam Guerrilla organizations Viet Cong