Peenemünde Airfield

Peenemünde Airfield is an airfield on the Baltic Sea coast, north of Peenemünde, Germany. Today, round trips in light aircraft are available from Peenemünde Airfield. There are also bus tours which visit the former shelters of the East German National People's Army (NVA) and the remnants of the V-1 flying bomb facilities. Because of its long runway, the airfield is also a location for flight schools.

History

On 2 April 1936 the Reich Air Ministry paid to the town of Wolgast
for the whole northern peninsula of Usedom. The airfield began service on 1 April 1938, and on the same date, the Air Ministry officially separated Peenemünde-West from the joint command that included the adjacent Army Research Center Peenemünde.

As ''Werk West'', the Luftwaffe Test Site () and under control of the central ''Erprobungsstelle Rechlin'' facility inland, the Peenemünde-West coastal facility was used for testing experimental aircraft (''Erprobungsflugzeuge'') such as the Heinkel He 176 (flown at Peenemünde on 20 June 1939) and the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket-powered fighter (code named 'Peenemünde 30' by British intelligence – the '30' referring to the object's measured wingspan in feet). At the northeast edge of the concrete airfield was a launch ramp for testing the V-1 flying bomb and on which, in 1943, RAF officer Constance Babington Smith, working at RAF Medmenham, detected a small winged aircraft ('Peenemünde 20') while viewing an Allied reconnaissance photograph.By late 1941, the Army Research Center at Peenemünde possessed the technologies essential to the success of the V2.

The airfield was also used for take-off of Heinkel He 111 for initial air-launch testing of V-1s. V-1 launch crew training was at the nearby resort of Zempin, and after the August 1943 Operation ''Hydra'' bombing of the area, V-1 flight testing was moved to Brüsterort. Peenemünde West also developed World War II night-navigation and radar systems (Dr. Johannes Plendl). After the 2nd Belorussian Front under General Konstantin Rokossovsky captured the Swinemünde port and Usedom island on 5 May 1945, the airfield became part of the Soviet Zone of Occupation.

Post-war

In 1956, the airfield received a new 2,465 metre-long concrete runway, which is oriented in a northwesterly-southeasterly direction and allows the operation of modern military jet planes. A further landmark is the collection of radio beacons at the northwest end, which were built on artificial islands in the sea. In 1961, the airfield was transferred to the National People's Army (NVA), which used it until 1990. The main unit was the ''Jagdfliegergeschwader 9'' (JG-9) (English: Fighter Wing 9) with MiG-21 and later MiG-23 in different versions. From 1972 the ''Zieldarstellungskette'' 33 (ZDK-33) (roughly: Target Towing Flight 33) was also stationed at Peenemünde airfield. It was subordinated to the JG-9 and used Il-28 and later Aero L-39 to serve the anti-aircraft firing ranges Zingst and Ueckermünde. After 1990, the airfield was used among other things as a parking area for former NVA military vehicles. Since Summer 2010, a high-performance jet trainer aircraft Aero L-39 ''Albatros'' of the former NVA is back on Peenemünde Airfield.Aero L-39 Albatros on Peenemünde
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See also

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Website of the Airfield (German)

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peenemunde Airfield
*Airfield
Buildings and structures in Vorpommern-Greifswald
V-1 flying bomb facilities
German V-2 rocket facilities
World War II sites in Germany
World War II sites of Nazi Germany
Government buildings completed in 1938
Military airbases established in 1938
1938 establishments in Germany
20th century in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Luftstreitkräfte airbases
Airports in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania