Pedunculagin is an

ellagitannin image:Castalagin.svg, 130px, Castalagin is a representative ellagitannin, characterized by coupled gallic acid substituents The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative link ...

. It is formed from casuarictin via the loss of a gallate group.

Natural occurrence

Pedunculagin is found in plants in orders in the clade Rosidae. It can be found the pericarp of

pomegranate The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punica, Punicoideae, that grows between tall. Rich in symbolic and mythological associations in many cultures, it is thought to have o ...

s (''Punica granatum''), in the family Lythraceae, in the order Myrtales. It is also found in plants in the order Fagales such as

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an i ...

s (''Juglans regia'') in the family Juglandaceae, in '' Alnus sieboldiana'' and in the Manchurian alder ( ''Alnus hirsuta'' var. ''microphylla''), both species in the family Betulaceae and it is one of the main oak wood ellagitannins along with castalagin, vescalagin, grandinin and roburins A-E (genus ''Quercus'', in the family Fagaceae). It is also found in the Indian gooseberry ('' Phyllanthus emblica''), a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, in the order Malpighiales. Galloyl pedunculagin can be found in '' Platycarya strobilacea''.

Research

Pedunculagin is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ''

in vitro ''In vitro'' (meaning ''in glass'', or ''in the glass'') Research, studies are performed with Cell (biology), cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in ...

''.

Chemistry

total synthesis Total synthesis, a specialized area within organic chemistry, focuses on constructing complex organic compounds, especially those found in nature, using laboratory methods. It often involves synthesizing natural products from basic, commercially ...

of pedunculagin has been reported. Pedunculagin is an

isomer In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element (chemistry), element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. ''Isomerism'' refers to the exi ...

of terflavin B.

References

{{Ellagitannin Ellagitannins Pomegranate ellagitannins Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors